CALT ACTUAL EXAM LATEST 2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
alphabetic language - ANSWER English; meaning symbols and letters
reflect pronunciation of a sound; ESL students' first lang may not be
alphabetic because they use symbols; phonological knowledge must be
taught, so alphabet needs to be taught
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWER an understanding that letters and letter
patterns represent the sounds of spoken words.
Analytic Phonics - ANSWER In this approach, instruction begins with the
identification of a familiar word. The teacher then introduces a particular
sound/spelling relationship within that familiar word
Synthetic Phonics - ANSWER In this systematic and explicit approach,
students learn to transform letters and letter combinations into sounds and
then the sounds together to form recognizable words. Teach individual
parts and build to whole
auditory discrimination - ANSWER The ability to hear differences in sounds
auditory span - ANSWER the number of words, numbers, or sounds a
student can hold in his working memory. Can limit dictation or note taking.
blend - ANSWER two or more sounds that are frequently grouped together-
each sound can be separated into its individual components
cedilla - ANSWER a diacritical mark (,) placed below the letter c to indicate
that it is pronounced as an s
circumflex - ANSWER the code marked placed over vowels to indicate an
unusual pronunciation
compensatory approach - ANSWER one does not attempt to remediate the
problem but instead recommends modifications within the learning
environment which allows the student to be successful
,Cloze Procedure - ANSWER The use of semantic and syntactic clues to
aid in completing sentences, "Fill in the blank"
Coding - ANSWER putting code marks on words- encourages kinesthetic
involvement and discourages guessing
combination - ANSWER a pattern of letters which occurs frequently
together. They form an unexpected sound (vr's, qu, wh)
comorbid - ANSWER two or more disorders in the same individual
consonant - ANSWER sounds that are blocked or partially blocked by the
tongue teeth and lips
Decoding - ANSWER using the sound/symbol system and structural
analysis to unlock unfamiliar words (synthetic)
derivative - ANSWER adding a prefix or a suffix to a base word
diacritical markings - ANSWER a mark indicating pronunciation
dieresis - ANSWER two dots over an a (a)
diphthong - ANSWER The sound produced by combining two vowels in to
a single syllable or running together the sounds. (ow, oi)
discovery method - ANSWER Presentation of new material which can be
deduced or discovered by the students (Socratic Method)
Dolch List - ANSWER high frequency word list which may be regular or
irregular
crossed, mixed dominance - ANSWER the student who is NOT right
handed, right eyed, and right footed or left handed, left eyed, left footed
Dyscalculia - ANSWER unusual difficulty with math, probably originating
from a distinct part of the brain
Encoding - ANSWER to spell (analytic)
,etymology - ANSWER the study of word origins
Fernald - ANSWER developed a kinesthetic system for teaching the deaf
by tracing words. Orton used her work as his kinesthetic model and was
influenced by her work.
Grapheme - ANSWER Letter or group of letters used to spell a phoneme. A
written representation of a sound using one or more letters.
irregular words - ANSWER Words that contain letters that stray from the
most common sound pronunciation; words that do not follow common
phonic patterns (e.g., were, was, laugh, been).
linguistics - ANSWER study of the production, properties, structure,
meaning and use of language. "Multisensory letter introduction"
Mathew Effect - ANSWER the widening gap over time between strong and
weak readers- rich get richer, poor get poorer
metalinguistic awareness - ANSWER the ability to reflect on the use of
language; meta: thinking about. This includes phonological awareness,
decoding, encoding
mnuemonics - ANSWER a device used to assist memory
Modality - ANSWER the sense a person is using (auditory, visual,
kinesthetic)
Morpheme - ANSWER in a language, the smallest unit that carries
meaning; may be a single phoneme, single syllable, or multisyllabic. A word
may have more than one morpheme (sleepiness)
morphology - ANSWER the study of the structure of words (prefixes,
suffixes, root words)
orthography - ANSWER the conventional spelling system of a language;
the study of spelling and how letters combine to represent sounds and form
words (only domain at written level)
phoneme - ANSWER in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
, Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER The ability to hear, identify,and
manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
phonological awareness - ANSWER an umbrella term that includes the
ability to hear rhyme, to count syllables, and blend/unblend sounds
Phonetics - ANSWER the study of the sounds of a language- 44 speech
sounds
Phonics - ANSWER the instructional method that teaches the use of written
symbols to represent the speech sounds for reading and spelling
phonogram - ANSWER synonym for grapheme
Phonology - ANSWER study of speech sounds, the rules and patterns of
speech sound combinations and production- larger umbrella term than
phonics- unconscious set of rules and patterns that automatically occur in
spoken language- a in sank sounds different than in cat
print awareness - ANSWER word boundaries, left to right, top to bottom-
CHALLS stage 1
psycholinguistic guessing game - ANSWER kenneth goodman and frank
smith- language is irregular, teaching phonics amounts to no more than
guessing
Quadrigraph - ANSWER four letters that come together to make one sound
Schwa - ANSWER a pronunciation symbol with the sound of "uh" as in
about; often the vowel sound in an unstressed syllable
scribal o - ANSWER an o that is pronounced short u- it is the thought that
medieval scribes changed the u into an o (compass, love, and son)
Semantics - ANSWER the science of meaning -think semantic web
sibilant - ANSWER making or characterized by a hissing sound (s), (ks),
(z), (ch), (sh), (j), or (zh)
