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AHN 568 Module 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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AHN 568 Module 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers
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AHN 568 Module 1 Questions with 100%Correct Answers
What is a late systolic murmur? - ✔️✔️mitral valve prolapse or mitral regurgitation.
often proceeded by systolic click.
explain early diastolic murmurs - ✔️✔️regurg across incompetent semilunar (aortic pulmonic)
valves
explain mid-diastolic murmurs - ✔️✔️turbulent flow across AV values in diastole (mitral &
tricuspid)
what causes a continuous murmur - ✔️✔️congenital PDA, AV fistula, pericardial friction rub
they're non valvular.
when to begin screening for CV risk factors? - ✔️✔️20 yr old if has 1 st degree relative with
premature heart disease (<55yr male or <65 female).
risk factors on CV screening - ✔️✔️-family hx of premature heart disease
-cigarette smoking
-unhealthy diet
-inactive ( reccomend 30 min mod intensity 5/days)
-obesity BMI >25, men waist >40 in and >35 women
-hypertension
-dislipidemia
-diabetes- check a1c q 3yrs at age 45
-a fib
,what things cause a diminished S1 sound? - ✔️✔️1st degree heart block
left BBB
MI
aortic regurgitation
what accentuates physiologic splitting of S2? - ✔️✔️inspiration
what causes pathologic splitting of s2? - ✔️✔️pulmonic stenosis
mitral regurgitation
right BBB
where can split S2 be heard best? - ✔️✔️right 2nd ICS (Base)
what causes s4? - ✔️✔️hypertension, aortic stenosis, ischemic and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
think STIFF ventricle
is S4 heard in a fib? - ✔️✔️NO. never hear S4 in afib.
aortic stenosis (location, radiation, intensity, pitch, quality, maneuvers, causes, timing) -
✔️✔️location: right 2nd-3rd ICS
radiation: carotids, or to apex
intensity/pitch: medium, harsh, crescendo-decrescendo
quality: harsh and musical
maneuvers: sitting and leaning forward, no hold breath
causes: bicuspid valve, calcification
timing: midsystolic
, pulmonic stenosis (location, radiation, intensity, pitch, quality, causes, timing) - ✔️✔️location:
left 2nd-3rd ICS
radiation: if loud it radiates to left shoulder and neck
intensity: soft to loud (with thrill if loud)
pitch: medium, crescendo-decresendo
quality: harsh
causes: congenital, atrial septal defect
timing: midsystolic
Hypertropic Cardiomyopathy positions - ✔️✔️increase intensity: stand & valsalva
decrease intensity: squat & release of valsalva
mitral regurgitation: (location, radiation, intensity, pitch, quality, maneuvers, causes, timing) -
✔️✔️location: apex 5th ICS MCL
radiation: to left axilla
intensity: pansystolic/holosystolic
pitch: medium to high
quality: blowing
no maneuvers change intensity
often associated with S3.
causes: endocarditis, rheumatic heart dx, collagen vascular dx, papillary muscle dysfunction
*SYSTOLIC
aortic regurgitation (location, radiation, intensity, pitch, quality, maneuvers, causes, timing) -
✔️✔️location: LEFT* 2-4th ICS
radiation: to apex or sternal border if loud
intensity: grade 1-4
pitch: high, use diaphragm
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