STUDY GUIDE
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Hopper, Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
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,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
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Answers
CHAPTER 1 S F
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem, and de
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termine the best possible plan of action. Clinicaljudgment is b
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CRITICAL THINKING,
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ased on good critical thinking.
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CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE SF SF SF SF
Cue
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NURSING PROCESS SF
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
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cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
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AUDIO CASE STUDY S F S F
Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
S F S F S F Definition: Working together with the health team toimpro
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ve patient outcomes.
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1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses; generatesolution
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s; take action; evaluate outcomes; repeat.
SF SF SF SF SF Intervention
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too many di
SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan. SF SF SF SF SF SF SF
rections. She was also crying in her car and hadpoor study habit
Evaluation
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s and not enough sleep.
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3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time fromwork, a
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Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected withactual
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nd wasted time between classes that she could better utilize. Y
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outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected outcomes me SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF
our resources will be different, but theyexist!
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t?
4. Critical thinking— SF Vigilance
the why: Jane uses critical thinking to determine why her curre
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Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
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nt plan isn’t working. She thinks honestly about her poor study
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habits, her time-
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CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT SF S F S F SF
management problems, and the impact this is having onher an
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d her family.
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Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similarformat.
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Clinical judgment— SF
Both follow steps from collecting data to determin-
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the do: Jane uses her thinking todevelop and carry out a plan that
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ing problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions, and eva
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uses her resources and provides more productive study time and
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luating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps you think about
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more quality time with her kids. SF SF SF SF SF
the problem: What is it? Why is it happen-
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ing? And clinical judgment leads you to do something to manage the
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VOCABULARY problem.
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Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
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CUE RECOGNITION S F
Nursing process S F
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRSTthing is listed bel
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Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with nursi SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF ow.
ng actions. Steps include assessment/data collection, nursing di
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agnosis, planning, implementation,and evaluation. SF SF FS SF
1. Sit the patient upright.
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2. Call 911 while running across the street.
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Criticalthinking SF
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under thecalves a
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Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or strate SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF
nd allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the pillow.
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gies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. Also in
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4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
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volves reflection, problem-solving, andrelated thinking skills.
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5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
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Clinicaljudgment SF
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and decision SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF
making.A process that uses nursing knowledge FS FS SF SF SF SF
,2 Chapter1 SF Answers
CRITICAL THINKING S F
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
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Could it be low SF SF SF Am I diabetic? SF SF Frontal area SF "Sick" feeling
S F Hard Tylenol helps SF
Hunger makes SF
blood sugar? SF it worse SF
Patient's Where is it? SF SF Quality Aggravating and
perception
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alleviating factors S F
Food helps SF
Headache
Useful other S F Severity Timing
data
Sometimes fee S F Mother is SF
7–8 on 0–10 Lasts 1–2 hours Before meals SF Early in the SF SF
l
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diabetic scale once starts morning
sick to stomac
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S F S F
h
REVIEW QUESTIONS S F taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the nursing
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process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing process, for which
The correct answers are in boldface.
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the registered nurse is responsible; the LPN/LVN may assist th
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1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the patient
SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF e registered nurse with these. Nitroglycerin should not be admi
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. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answer.
SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF nistered withoutfirst knowing the patient’s blood pressure.
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2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowingsomet
SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF FS 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about freedomfrom i
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hing is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1) showsexpertise but
SF SF SF SF SF SF FS SF SF njury and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such as air, oxygen, a
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not necessarily intellectual humility;
SF SF SF nd water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4) isrelated to having pos
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(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; SF SF SF SF SF
itive self-esteem. SF
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidenceof hu SF SF SF SF SF SF SF FS SF
8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
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mility. 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
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3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order.
SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF 10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2, 4)are all
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4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define criticalthinki
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positive but do not show intent to take action.
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ng but are examples of good thinking.
SF SF SF SF SF SF 11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2) aredata; (3
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5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are achieved
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) is a recommendation.
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and interventions effective. (2) is the role of thephysician. (1, 3)
F SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF FS SF SF SF 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data providesonly hi
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encompass data collection and imple- SF SF SF SF p replacement as the patient’s problem, (5) thedietitian is no
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mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process.
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6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca-
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tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
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1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 S F
EVIDENCE-BASED S F PRACTICE
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE SF
1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY S F S F
3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice S F S F S F
5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke thatlinger SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF FS SF
6. outcomes
on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces inan area after a
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cigarette is put out. Marie learned that exposure to these toxi
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ns can be neurotoxic to children and can trigger asthma attacks
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9. patient’s
in sensitive people.
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10. information
2. Evidence-
based practice is considered the gold standardof health care.
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CLINICAL JUDGMENT S F
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and collect
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the most relevant and best evidence available.Step 3: Think
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1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to ensure th
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critically. Appraise the evidence for validity, relevance to th SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF
at the patient receives the best care possible
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e situation, and applicability.
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2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance ofthe me
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Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after institutingthe cha
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dical librarian, in the area of their burning ques-
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nge. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the practice decisi
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tion regarding music reducing preoperative anxiety.
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on or change. SF SF
3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CI SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF
4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine lozenge SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF
NAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Instituteevidence- SF SF SF SF FS
s worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or varenicline (Cha
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based resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/PubMed
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ntix) and nicotine lozenges worked well,too. A Cochrane Revie
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4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence- SF SF SF SF SF SF
w found that advice and support from nursing staff can increase p
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based change in practice so comparisons canbe made after imp
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atients’ success in quit- SF SF SF
lementation to determine if the inter-vention worked SF SF SF SF SF FS SF
ting smoking, especially in a hospital setting.
SF SF SF SF SF SF SF 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the changemade a SF SF SF SF SF SF SF FS SF S
significant difference and if it was valuable interms of cost an
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VOCABULARY d time SF
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS S F
1. Evidence- The correct answers are in boldface.
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based practice: A systematic process that usescurrent evidence i
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n making decisions about patient care.
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1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some-
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2. Evidence- thing is done promotes the understanding for why it is import
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informed practice: Consideration of patient factors along with th SF SF SF SF SF SF SF SF
ant to be done and therefore will more likely be done. (1, 2, 4
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e use of evidence for shared decisionmaking between the health-
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) only communicate the need to perform atask. They do not p
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care provider and the patient. SF SF SF SF
rovide rationale for the task to pro- SF SF SF SF SF SF
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studiesin whi SF SF SF SF SF FS SF
mote understanding of the importance of the task.
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ch as many factors as possible that could falsely change the resul
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2. (3) is correct. Evidence-
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ts are controlled.
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based nursing care that has been evaluated as appropriate for an a
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4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta- SF SF SF SF SF
gency provides the best and safest patient care. (1) Opinions may
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tion to establish facts and analyze their significance.
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not be based on
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5. Systematic review:A review of relevant research usingguidelin SF FS FS SF SF SF SF FS
es.
