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OPC MIDTERM EXAM 2024/25 QUESTIONS WITH GRADED A+ ANSWERS!!
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OPC MIDTERM EXAM 2024/25 QUESTIONS WITH GRADED A+ ANSWERS!!
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OPC MIDTERM EXAM 2024/25 QUESTIONSWITH GRADED A+ ANSWERS!!
What are the four cardinal techniques of physical examination? Answer -
inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
What are some common or concerning constitutional symptoms Answer -
fatigue, fever and chills, and weight change
How does the general survey augment the information obtained from the rest
of the physical exam Answer - i. Gives insight into possible social, economic,
mental health of patient
ii. Gives a well rounded image of the patient in the file
iii. Could help identify some things of question for the physical exam
At what point in the patient encounter does the physician begin to gather data
pertaining to the general survey? Answer - Second the patient walks into the
office
What types of data are collected during the general survey? Answer -
Subjective: appearance, distress, skin color hygience, facial expressions,
posture, height and weight
What BMI range characterizes underweight, normal, overweight, obesity, and
extreme obesity Answer - i. <18.5 =underweight
ii. 18.5-24.9=healthy
iii. 25-29.9=overweight
,iv. 30+=obese
What is the purpose of "ambulatory" blood pressure monitoring Answer -
i.Measures at regular intervals
ii.Better indication of BP and possible cardio problems
iii.Reduces white coat hypertension
What is "white coat hypertension Answer - i.the office blood pressure is high
but ambulatory pressures are normal, so cardiovascular risk is low
ii.patients are nervous
i.What procedural steps are used to ensure an accurate blood pressure
reading? Answer - i.Choosing the correct cuff
ii.Avoid smoking or caffeine 30 min prior
iii.Exam room is quiet and comfortably warm
iv.Patient sit quietly in a chair for about 5 min with feet flat on the floor
v.No clothing on arm
vi.Palpate brachial artery and ensure that it is at heart level for reading
vii.Support arm by holding it or on table, the patient should do nothing
What factors contribute to inaccurate blood pressure readings Answer - i.Too
high (low reading) or too low (high reading) of an arm
ii.Loose cuff or bladder (high reading)
iii.Unrecognized auscultatory gap
What is the clinical significance of an auscultatory gap Answer - i.Related to
arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic disease
, ii.Unrecognized gaps can lead to serious underestimation of systolic pressure or
overestimation of diastolic pressure
What is the effect of "cuff size" on the accuracy of blood pressure readings?
Answer - i.Too small→high readings
ii.Too large→low reading on small arm and high on large arm
What systolic and diastolic values define normal, abnormal, prehypertension,
and hypertension? Answer - Systolic (mm Hg) Diastolic (mm Hg)
Normal <120 <80
Prehypertension120-139 80-89
Stage 1 Hypertension 140-159 90-99
Stage 2 Hypertension ≥160 ≥100
If Diabetes or Renal Disease <130 <80
What is orthostatic hypotension and how is it assessed Answer - Drop in
systolic pressure of 20mm Hg or greater or in diastolic blood pressure of 10mm
Hg or greater within 3 min of standing
What is considered a "normal" heart rate and rhythm in a healthy adult
Answer - 50-90 beats per minute
How are heart rate and rhythm assessed Answer - i.Feeling the radial pulse
ii.Irregularities, listen with stethoscope at cardiac apex
What is considered a "normal" respiratory rate and rhythm in a healthy adult?
Answer - i.12-18 breathes per minute
ii.quiet regular pattern
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