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NSCI 175
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NSCI 175 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONSWITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Name the four essential steps of the scientific process - ANSWER -Observation
Replication
Interpretation
Verification
Define Replication - ANSWER -Repeating the same experiment over with different
subjects/animals but in the same lab
Define Verification - ANSWER -Working on the same experimental protocol but the work is
done by a completely different lab group/scientist
Explain why the progress in science is often slow - ANSWER -Following the four essential parts
of the scientific process takes time. One researcher must complete the experiment and provide
evidence of validity by repeating the study with multiple groups, and then the research must be
reaffirmed by other researchers.
Name the 5 Levels of Analysis - ANSWER -Molecular
Cellular
Systems
Behavioral
Cognitive
Define Molecular Neuroscience (Level of Analysis) - ANSWER -A branch of neuroscience that
observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals
NSCI 175 Exam 1 Study Guide questions with correct answers
,Define Cellular Neuroscience (Level of Analysis) - ANSWER -The study of neurons at the cellular
level
It includes cell morphology and physiological properties such as membrane trafficking, synthesis
and transport of proteins, and synaptic plasticity
Define Systems Neuroscience (Level of Analysis) - ANSWER -A subdiscipline of neuroscience and
systems biology that studies the structure and function of neural circuits and systems
Define Behavioral Neuroscience (Level of Analysis) - ANSWER -The application of the principles
of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in
humans and other animals
Define Cognitive Neuroscience (Level of Analysis) - ANSWER -The scientific field that is
concerned with the study of the biological processes and aspects that underlie cognition, with a
specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes
Explain the reductionist approach - ANSWER -Breaking problems about the brain into smaller
pieces for systematic experimental analysis
Discuss the importance of animal research in the field of neuroscience. - ANSWER -Knowledge
about how things will impact humans
Ex. Blood Transfusions, Insulin, Anesthetics, Penicillin , Asthma inhalers, Breast cancer
treatments, Tuberculosis treatment, Antidepressants, Diagnostics-MRI/, HIV anti-retrovirus,
Vaccines, Implants
Explain when animal research is needed - ANSWER -When the procedures being preformed
would harm a human or is too risky to be performed on a person
Name and describe the three R's of ethical animal research - ANSWER -Reduction: reducing the
number of animals used in experiments by improving techniques and sharing information
NSCI 175 Exam 1 Study Guide questions with correct answers
, Refinement: refining the experiment or the way the animals are cared for so as to reduce their
suffering by using less invasive techniques and providing quality medical care and living
conditions
Replacement: replacing experiments on animals with alternative techniques such as
experimenting on cell cultures, human volunteers, and using computer models
Differentiate animal rights and animal welfare views - ANSWER -Those in favor of animal
experiments care about animal welfare
-Use only in worthwhile experiments
-Minimize pain
-Consider all other alternatives
-Minimize the number of animals used
-IACUC- Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
Those against animal experiments argue for animal rights
-Animals have the same legal and moral rights as humans
-It causes suffering to animals
-The benefits to human beings are not proven
-Any benefits to human beings that animal testing does
provide could be produced in other ways
How many neurons and glia are in the human brain - ANSWER -~88 billion
This makes up 2% of your body weight
Most neurons are concentrated in the... - ANSWER -Cerebellum
Golgi Method - ANSWER -Silver nitrate solution that randomly stains about 1% of neurons in
their entirety
-Allowed for huge advances in understanding of neurons and how they work
NSCI 175 Exam 1 Study Guide questions with correct answers
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