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BMB 401 MSU (FOLEY) Exam Questions and Answers Verified 100% Correct | Latest Update
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BMB 401 MSU (FOLEY) Exam Questions and Answers Verified 100% Correct | Latest Update
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BMB 401 MSU (FOLEY) Exam Questions andAnswers Verified 100% Correct | Latest Update
Dipole-Dipole Interactions - ✔✔attractive forces between the positive end of one polar
molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.
Fixed-Dipole-Dipole Interactions - ✔✔Occur between permanent dipoles (hydrogen bonds)
Hydrogen Bond - ✔✔A hydrogen bond is a primarily electrostatic force of attraction between
a hydrogen atom which is covalently bound to a more electronegative atom or group, and
another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons
Bond Angle of Hydrogen Bonds - ✔✔Linear bonding increases bonding strength (Longer than
covalent bonds)
Properties that Hydrogen Bonds give water - ✔✔-high boiling and freezing points
-Less dense as a solid
-The water molecules are held farther apart when freezing
dipole-induced dipole - ✔✔The partial charge on a polar molecule induces a temporary
partial charge on a neighboring nonpolar molecule or atom (relatively weak)
van der Waals forces (London Dispersion) - ✔✔Forces of attraction between instantaneous
dipoles
Where do Van der Waals forces occur? - ✔✔Most often found in non polar molecules ( can
occur in polar molecules as well)
,Van der Waal contact distance - ✔✔the distance between atoms at which the force becomes
repulsive rather than attractive as the atoms approach one another
Macro-molecule Formation - ✔✔Formed through covalent interactions and Folded through
non covalent bonds
Lipids - ✔✔Largely non-polar molecules that do not interact with water ( alone, do not exist
as polymers)
Lipid function - ✔✔long term energy storage, can act as signaling molecules
types of lipids - ✔✔triglycerides, phospholipids, fatty acids, cholesterol
cholesterol - ✔✔maintains the fluidity of the cell membrane and can be used to make
energy
fatty acid - ✔✔Can be metabolized to release energy
Triglycerides - ✔✔Used as lipid fuel: stored in fat cells
Phospholipids - ✔✔Spontaneously arrange to form membrane like structures
nucleic acids - ✔✔Encode genetic information into DNA and RNA
Deoxyribose - ✔✔
Ribose - ✔✔
,nucleic acids that form three hydrogen bonds - ✔✔Guanine and Cytosine
nucleic acids that form two hydrogen bonds - ✔✔Adenine, Uracil, and Thymine
Deanimated Cytosine - ✔✔resembles uracil
protein functions - ✔✔acts as enzyme, regulatory enzymes, signaling molecules , CANNOT BE
STORED
amino acid structure - ✔✔
Carbohydrate Functions - ✔✔energy and structure
(adhesion molecules, recognition molecules, regulatory molecules)
Carbohydrate structure - ✔✔
Glucose - ✔✔-Primary fuel source for organisms
-Oxidized to form CO2
Polysaccharides - ✔✔Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
(Starch and Glycogen)
Starch - ✔✔STores Glucose in PLants
Glycogen - ✔✔Stores glucose in Animals
Cellulose - ✔✔-plant cell wall
, -Glucose
Chitin - ✔✔-Shells of arthropods
-N-acetyl glucosamine
Carbohydrate Directionality - ✔✔Reducing End to Non reducing End
reducing end - ✔✔-the end of a chain with a free anomeric carbon
-ring can open
Protein directionality - ✔✔N-terminus to C-terminus
Nucleic Acid directionality - ✔✔5` to 3`
Enthalpy - ✔✔a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It
is equal to the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume.
Entropy - ✔✔a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's
thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of
disorder or randomness in the system.
relationship between enthalpy and entropy - ✔✔they are constantly competing against each
other
Favorable processes - ✔✔decreased enthalpy and increased entropy
What groups can water form Hydrogen bonds with - ✔✔Amino groups , ketone groups,
carboxylic acids, and hydroxyls,
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