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Criminology Chapter 1 Exam Questions and Answers
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Criminology Chapter 1 Exam Questions and Answers
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Criminology Chapter 1 Exam Questionsand Answers
Anomie - Answer-lack of norms or clear social standards.
an individual has few guides on what is socially acceptable.
Appeal - Answer-taking a criminal case to a higher court on the grounds that the
defendant was found guilty because of the legal error or violation of his or her rights.
Arraignment - Answer-a step in the CJ process in which the accused is brought before
the trial judge, formal charges are read, defendant are informed of their rights, a plea is
entered, bail is considered, and a trial date is set.
Arrest - Answer-the taking into police custody of an individual who is suspected of a
crime.
Bail - Answer-a money bond intended to ensure that the excused will return to trial.
Booking - Answer-fingerprinting, photographing, and recording personal information of a
suspect in custody.
Capital Punishment - Answer-the execution of criminal offenders; death penalty.
Chicago School - Answer-group of Urban sociologists who studied the relationship
between environmental conditions and crime.
Classical Criminology - Answer-theoretical perspective suggesting that people choose
to commit crime and that crime can be controlled if potential criminals fear the
punishment or the outcome.
Code of Hammurabi - Answer-first written criminal code, developed in Babylon.
Common Law - Answer-early English law, developed by judges, which became the
standardized law of the land in England and eventually formed the basis of criminal law
in the United States.
Conflict Theory - Answer-the view that human behavior is shaped by the interpersonal
conflict and that those who maintain social power will use it to further their own ends.
Conflict View - Answer-belief that criminal behavior is defined by those in power in such
way as to protect and advance their own self-interest.
Consensus View - Answer-belief that the majority of citizens in a shared society
common values and agree on what behaviors should be defined as criminal.
, Crime - Answer-an act deemed socially harmful or dangerous, that is specifically
defined, prohibited, and punished under criminal law.
Criminal Justice - Answer-system made up of the agencies of social control, such as
police departments, courts, and correctional institutions that handle criminal behavior.
Criminal Justice System - Answer-agencies of government - police, courts, corrections -
that are responsible for apprehending, adjudicating, sanctioning, and treating the
criminal offenders.
Criminal Law - Answer-the written code that defines crimes and their punishments.
Criminological Enterprise - Answer-various subareas included within the scholarly
discipline of criminology, which taken as a whole, define the field of study.
Criminology - Answer-the scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of
criminal behavior.
Critical Criminologists - Answer-examine those who hold political and economic power.
Decriminalized - Answer-having criminal penalties reduced rather than eliminated.
Deviant Behavior - Answer-actions that depart from the social norms, some are
considered criminal, other merely harmless aberrations.
Felony - Answer-serious defense that carries a penalty of imprisonment, usually are one
year or more, and may entail loss of political rights.
Grand Jury - Answer-group of citizens chosen to hear testimony in secret and to issue
formal criminal accusations.
Hung Jury - Answer-a jury unable to agree on a decision, thus leaving the case
unresolved and open for a possible retrial.
Indictment - Answer-written accusation returned by grand jury charging an individual
with a specified crime, based on the prosecutors demonstration of probable cause.
Information - Answer-filing before an impartial lower judge who declares whether the
case should go forward.
Interactionist View - Answer-the belief that those within social power are able to impose
their values on society as a whole, and these values then define criminal behavior.
Interrogation - Answer-the questioning of a suspect in custody.
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