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Criminology Exam 1 Questions with Verified Answers
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Criminology Exam 1 Questions with Verified Answers
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Criminology Exam 1 Questions withVerified Answers
Who coined the term criminology? - Answer-Raffaele Garofalo
Which refers to the view suggesting law expresses the values of the ruling class? -
Answer-Conflict model
Which refers to the "guilty mind" causation requirement of a criminal act? - Answer-
Mens rea
When did the US begin officially collecting crime statistics? - Answer-1930
A set of principles explaining how two or more phenomena are related is a _________. -
Answer-Theory
A person who took a bicycle believing it was theirs would use which defense? - Answer-
Mistake of act
Which category of the UCR includes vandalism and simple assaults? - Answer-Part II
Who established what came to be known as the classical school of criminology? -
Answer-Cesare Beccaria
Lombroso contended that criminals are distinguishable from non-criminals by what? -
Answer-Atavistic stigmata
The term somatotype refers to the relationship of criminal behavior to what? - Answer-
Body build
Which of the following notions did Emile Durkheim not suggest about crime? - Answer-
Crime is a result of genetic inferiority
Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis? - Answer-Sigmund Freud
Which is the focus of John Bowlby's attachment theory? - Answer-Material deprivation
What does the term "behavior modeling" primarily refer to? - Answer-Fashioning
behavior after that of others
Deviance - Answer-A broad concept encompassing both illegal behavior and behavior
that departs from the social norm.
, Terrorism - Answer-The use of violence against a target to create fear, alarm, dread, or
coercion for the purpose of obtaining concessions or rewards or commanding public
attention for a political cause.
Exclusionary rule - Answer-A rule prohibiting use of illegally obtained or otherwise
inadmissible evidence in a court of law.
Corrections - Answer-Implementation and execution of sentences imposed by the
courts; also, the system that administers those sentences.
Reasonable suspicion - Answer-Warranted suspicion (short of probable cause) that a
person may be engaged in the commission of a crime.
Plea bargaining - Answer-Making an agreement between defense and prosecution for
certain leniencies in return for a guilt plea.
Probable cause - Answer-A set of facts that would induce a reasonable person to
believe that an accused person committed the offense in question; the minimum
evidence requirement for an arrest, according to the Fourth Amendment to the US
Constitution.
Miranda warning - Answer-A warning that explains the rights of an arrestee. An
arresting officer is required by law to recite the warning at the time of the arrest.
Stages of the CJ system - Answer-1. Entry into the system
2. Prosecution and pretrial services
3. Adjudication
4. Sentencing and sanctions
5. Corrections
Packer's Model - Answer-Advocates want efficiency. They want cases to be moved
through the process as quickly as possible and bring them to a close. "Assembly-line
justice"
Due process model - Answer-Embodies traditional politically liberal values. The principle
goal of criminal justice is at lease as much to protect the innocent as it is to convict the
guilty.
Attrition rates - Answer-Things get weakened out along the way. For example, 2780000
violent crimes were reported but only 63000 were sent to prison.
Adjudication - Answer-Defendants may choose to be trailed by a judge (a bench trial) or
by a jury (consisting usually of 12 citizens but as few as 6 in some states for lesser
offenses). In a jury trial, the judge rules on matters of law, instructs the jurors about
relevant legal questions and definitions, and tells them how to apply the law to the facts
of the case.
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