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Criminology Exam 1 Rutgers Questions with Correct Answers
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Criminology Exam 1 Rutgers Questions with Correct Answers
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Criminology Exam 1 Rutgers Questionswith Correct Answers
Media Sensitization - Answer--Present information about something in a way that
provokes the public.
-Interest and excitement outweighs accuracy.
Moral panics - Answer--Exaggerated fear and outrage over a perceived threat.
-Stanley Cohen
Deviance amplification - Answer--The media "hype" over a category of behavior or an
undesirable event.
-Leslie Wilkins
Define Criminology - Answer--The study of making laws, the breaking of laws, and
societies reaction to the breaking of those laws.
-Father of Criminology; Edwin Sutherland
Father of Criminology - Answer--Edwin Sutherland
Criminological perspectives - Answer--Preclassical
-Classical
-Positivist
-Social process/structure theories
-Chicago school
Pre-classical explanations of crime - Answer--Prior to 18th century
-Explanations were classical and spiritual in nature.
-Gods and demons were believed to be responsible for criminal behavior
Classical explanations of crime - Answer--Arose in the 18th century.
-Asserted that humans are hedonistic, rational, and have freewill.
-Behavior is motivated by maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain.
-Classical and neoclassical theory are the basis of the Criminal Justice System in the
U.S.
, -Cesare Beccaria; Father of Classical Criminology
Father of Classical Criminology - Answer-Cesare Beccaria
Positivist explanations of crime - Answer--Emerged in the 19th century during the age of
reason.
-Argues that a person's behavior is determined by biological, psychological, and social
factors outside of an individual's control.
-Rejects the notion that individuals have free will.
-Cesare Lombroso: Father of Modern Criminology
Father of Modern Criminology - Answer-Cesare Lombroso
Social Process Theory - Answer-The view that criminality is a function of people's
interactions with various organizations, institutions, and processes in society.
- All people, regardless of their race, class, or gender, have the potential to become
delinquents or criminals
Types of Social Process Theories - Answer-1. Social Learning Theory
2. Social Control Theory
3. Social Reaction (Labeling) Theory
Social Structure Theory - Answer--The view that disadvantaged economic class is a
primary cause of crime.
Chicago School explanations of crime
(Often referred to as ecological school) - Answer--Emerged in the 20th century.
-A principle idea of the social ecology of crime is the fact that high rates of crime persist
within the same neighborhoods regardless of who lives there.
-The focus shifted to "places" rather than "people".
Critical Perspectives - Answer--An umbrella term for various perspectives that challenge
mainstream understanding of crime and criminal justice.
-These perspectives evaluate the way in which power structures shape deviance and
social controls.
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