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Intro to Criminology Exam 2 Questions with Complete Answers
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Intro to Criminology Exam 2 Questions with Complete Answers
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Intro to Criminology Exam 2 Questionswith Complete Answers
Social Structure Theory - Answer-Crime is a result of an individuals location within the
structure of society
Human Ecology - Answer-The study concerned with the interrelationships between
people and their environment.
Social Ecology - Answer-Society seen as a physical organism
2 Concepts:
Natural Area (Chinatown, Little Italy)
Invasion, Dominance, & Succession
Concentric Zones - Answer-division of cities into geographical sectors radiating out from
center (PARK & BURGESS)
Social Disorganization Theory - Answer-Delinquency due to "detachment from
conventional groups", NOT individual pathology
Applied concentric zones to delinquency
Shaw & McKay
Juvenile Delinquency in Urban Areas - Answer-Shaw & McKay
-Highest crime rate always in "Zone of Transition"
-Highest crime rates due to Social Disorganization
Social Disorganization - Answer-Shaw & McKay
Inability of a community to realize values or solve community problems
Translates to reduced informal control
3 Causes of Social Disorganization - Answer-Population Mobility
Ethnic Heterogeneity
Poverty
Life Histories - Answer--Neighborhoods provide many opportunities for delinquency
-Delinquent activities begin early in life as play
-Delinquency often seen as appropriate
-Continuity of Tradition
Shaw's & McKay's Conclusion - Answer-Place Matters
-Neighborhoods change must come from within
ex. Chicago Area Project
Systemic Model - Answer-Social control by private, parochial, & public ties
, -Draws forces outside of the community
Collective Efficacy - Answer-Linkage of mutual trust & willingness to intervene for
common good
Environmental Criminology - Answer-High Spatious Concentration
-Hot Spots
Applications of SD Theory - Answer-Crime Analysis
Hot Spot Policing
Defensible Space
Broken Window Thesis - Answer-Wilson & Kelley
-A broken window that doesn't get fixed makes a signal that no one cares and more
crime will occur
-Social/physical disorder invites more serious crime
Anomie & Strain Theories - Answer-Durkheim
-Modernization of Societies
-Crime as Normal
-Anomie
Modernization of Socities - Answer-Division of Labor in Society (1893)
-Mechanical Societies:
Social Solidarity(uniformity)
Law enforces uniformity & represses deviance
-Organic Societies:
Social Solidarity(diversity of functions of various parts of society)
Law regulates interactions
Collective Conscience - Answer-the shared morals and beliefs that are common to a
group and which foster social solidarity
Pressure for Uniformity VS. Diversity for Society - Answer-Societies require individual
sacrifice
-Common sacrifice maintains Social Solidarity
Criminals & Punishment Important for Society - Answer--Express inferiority & blame
worthiness of criminals
-Reinforces the superiority & righteousness of society
Perceptual Happiness - Answer-Always aspire to goals that are beyond possible
uncontrolled appetites-> perceptual disappointment
-Only human society can limit our appetites(We know what to expect from our social
position
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