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NUR 355 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
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NUR 355 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
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NUR 355 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
1.,Discuss,the,etiology,,clinical,manifestations,,and,treatment,of,hypertension.,,ANS,-,,-,Stage,1:,130-
139/80
-,Stage,2:,140+/90+
-,Crisis:,180+/120+
-,Primary:,w/o,evidence,of,a,cause
-,Secondary:,due,to,another,disease,process
-,modifiable,&,nonmodifiable,risk,factors
-,may,be,asymptomatic,until,late,stages
-,target,organ,damage:,heart,,brain,,kidneys
-
,Pheochromacytia:,tumor,in,adrenal,medulla,that,produces,catecholamine,,which,triggers,the,sympathet
ic,nervous,system
-,HELLP,Syndrome:,(related,to,pregnancy),Hemolysis,,Elevated,Liver,enzymes,,&,Lower,Platelet,count
-
,treated,by,prevention,,meds,(statins,&,antihypertensives),,treatment,of,underlying,disease,,surgery,,nitr
oprusside,in,emergencies
1.,Differentiate,etiology,,clinical,manifestations,,and,treatment,of,right,and,left,heart,failure.,,ANS,-
,,NYHA,Classification,(symptoms)
-,Class,I:,no,limits,on,activities
-,Class,II:,mild,limits,on,activities
-,Class,III:,marked,limitations,on,activities
-,Class,IV:,any,physical,activity,causes,symptoms
ACC,&,AHA,Stages,(signs)
-,Stage,A:,high,risk,of,developing,heart,failure
-,Stage,B:,evidence,of,structural,heart,disease
-,Stage,C:,structural,heart,disease,with,symptoms
,-,Stage,D:,medically,refractory,in,stage,heart,failure
Left-side
-,enlarged,left,ventricle,with,thin,wall
-,causes,cardiomyopathy
-,blood,backs,up,into,the,lungs,causing,pulmonary,congestion
-,orthopnea,,hypoxia,,cough,,pallor,,weakened,peripheral,pulses
Right-side
-,enlarged,,thick,right,walls,with,smaller,chambers
-,causes,ventricular,hypertrophy,(enlargement)
-,blood,backs,up,into,venous,circulation,&,the,rest,of,the,body,(peripheral,congestion)
-,peripheral,edema,,ascites,,liver,congestion,,anorexia,,red,face,,JVD,,fatigue,,dependent,edema
-
,treated,with,ACE,inhibitors,&,beta,blockers,,Na,restriction,,diuretics,,digoxin,,cardiac,resynchronization,,
revascularization,,mitral,valve,surgery,,VAD,,transplant
1.,Explain,the,etiology,,clinical,manifestations,,and,treatment,of,congestive,heart,failure.,,ANS,-
,,NYHA,Classification,(symptoms)
-,Class,I:,no,limits,on,activities
-,Class,II:,mild,limits,on,activities
-,Class,III:,marked,limitations,on,activities
-,Class,IV:,any,physical,activity,causes,symptoms
ACC,&,AHA,Stages,(signs)
-,Stage,A:,high,risk,of,developing,heart,failure
-,Stage,B:,evidence,of,structural,heart,disease
-,Stage,C:,structural,heart,disease,with,symptoms
-,Stage,D:,medically,refractory,in,stage,heart,failure
, Congestive,heart,failure:,
-,blood,backs,up,into,lungs,&,periphery,because,it,isn't,moving,forward,(congestion)
-,decreased,CO,due,to,decreased,SV
-,left-sided,failure,usually,happens,first,&,leads,to,right-sided,failure
1.,Discuss,the,etiology,,clinical,manifestations,,and,treatment,of,hypovolemic,shock.,,ANS,-,,-
,low,volume,in,vascular,space
-,decreased,preload,&,CO
-,vasoconstriction,to,increase,resistance,(sympathetic,response)
-,caused,by,blood/fluid,loss,due,to,hemorrhage,,burns,,vomiting/diarrhea,,third,spacing,(ascites)
-
,causes,a,sense,of,impending,doom,,tachycardia,,low,BP,,low,flow,to,organs,,cold,&,clammy,extremities,,
dryness,,pallor,,syncope
-,diagnosed,by,labs,(lactate,,ABG,,CBG)
-,treated,by,prevention,,treatment,of,end-
organ,damage,,replenish,blood,volume,by,saline/RBCs/coagulation,factors/albumin,,drugs,(NO,vasocons
trictors),,surgery
1.,Discuss,the,etiology,,clinical,manifestations,,and,treatment,of,septic,shock,,ANS,-,,-
,severe,sepsis,with,hypotension,despite,fluid,resuscitation,
-,high,mortality,risk
-,incidence,is,increasing,due,to,drug-
resistant,organisms,,immunocompromised,population,,invasive,procedures
-,risk,factors,(SEPSIS):,Suppressed,immune,system
Extreme,age
People,with,organ,transplant
Surgical,procedure
Indwelling,devices
Sickness
&,delay,in,accessing,care
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