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PHAR 100- Module 1 Exam Questions and Answers
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PHAR 100- Module 1 Exam Questions and Answers
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PHAR 100- Module 1 Exam Questionsand Answers
Drug - Answers -Substance received by biological system and influences biological
function or organisms
Pharmacology - Answers -The science of drugs, including their uses, effects and modes
of actions
Ancient Greece - Answers -- 380 BC, pupil of aristole wrote about opium
- later in 1803 in generay, opium found to contain codeine and morphine
Ancient China - Answers --Earliest drug expiremnts done in 2700 bc
-MaHuang -> used for cough. influenza and fevers
- now EPHEDRINE is isolated and used for asthma and decongestant
Ancient Egypt - Answers -- Ebers Papyrus (1550 bc) was a textbook for drug used
-contains many true observations of drug use
-ex. senna recommended for purgatives(cause bowel movement) and is still used today
Poison - Answers -used in ancient times and resulted in the discovery of drugs and
development of drugs
Curare- Poison - Answers -- people of amaozn would dip tips of arrow for hunting
-acts on voluntary mscles
-causes paralysis and death
Curare- Drug - Answers -- used as a anesthetic
- small dose achives muscle relaxation
- structure has been modified to be safer
-newer derivitives are still used today
Ergot - Answers -- poisonus fungus that goes on rye during wet season
--middle ages saw many epidemics because bread would be made with this
Ergot - poison - Answers -- mental frenzy, hallucinaton and convulsions
- contriction of blood vessles causing bruning sensation
- limbs turn black and die
-violent contractions of uterus, but sometimes were used in small doses by mid wives to
aid labour
Ergotamine - Answers -- treatment of migraines
- theory that migrains caused by pulsation of blood vessels
, -contricts vlood vessles and therefore reduces amplitude of pulsations
Ergonovine - Answers -- no longer used for labour
-now used to arrest uterine bleeding after childbirth
Ancient societies - Religion - Answers -medicine men were often both physicians and
preist so medicine was heavily influenced by religion
Plants - religion - Answers -many parts of world, plants with intoxication substances
were used to alter state and comincate with gods
Mexico- Religion - Answers -- peyote cactus
- conatins mescaline
- causes hallucinations, etc. similar to LSD
Drug Discovery - Answers -- 25% of drgs used today come from plants
- plants are often modified to be less toxic or more effective
- 19th century was era of chemical synthesis of drugs
Reserpine and Chlorpromazine- Discovery - Answers -- Rauwolfia plant used in india
-used to reduce tention, aniety and lower blood pressure
-1950's swiss isolated reserpine and studied its actions on humans and animals
-when given to fiece dogs, seem to become placid
Reserpine and Chlorpromazine- Therapeutic Uses - Answers -- chlorpromazine and
newer drugs are prefered
- difficult to determine effective dose of reserpine
-often used for mangemnet of teh mentally ill
-chlorpromazine obtained by synthetic procedures
Reserpine and Chlorpromazine- Benefits - Answers -- social beneifts
-number o mentally ill requiring contsant care has decreased
-formally unmageable mentally ill were then able to return t family and work
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)- Discovery - Answers -- Albert Hoffman, who worked
wit swiss and iwth Ergot
-synthesized LSD
- similar srructure to ergotamine and ergonivine
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)- Contribution to Pharmacology - Answers -- disocvery
of psychedelics
- supported idea that mental iilnesses were due to production of potent substances in
brain
Aneasthetics - Nitrous Oxide - Answers -- 1840's, chemist gave presentation to public of
laughing gas
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