Psych 439 Exam 1 with Questions and Answers
What is pluralistic ignorance? What phenomena cause this effect (be sure to explain how each one contributes to pluralistic ignorance)? ANSWER When there is a group of individuals, the individuals think their attitudes and beliefs are different than th...
Psych 439 Exam 1 with Questions and
Answers
What is pluralistic ignorance? What phenomena cause this effect (be sure to explain how
each one contributes to pluralistic ignorance)? ANSWER When there is a group of
individuals, the individuals think their attitudes and beliefs are different than the others in the
group, which causes them to follow and agree on what everyone else does/says to fit in. The
underlying phenomena is a False Norm- We believe that a norm exists when there really isn't
one.
What is the False Universality (also call the Illusion of Universality)? How does it contribute
to PI? How is it demonstrated in PI studies? ANSWER False universality is that we all
assume everyone supports the norm equally, but they don't
What is False Uniqueness and how does it contribute to PI? ANSWER We think we are the
only one who doesn't support the norm (feel deviant and guilty)
What are the different types of pluralistic ignorance and what studies illustrate teach type?
ANSWER Situational Ambiguity:
Bystander intervention
Enforced Social Norms:
Elm Hallow Study
Vassar study
, Group Norms.
Conservative Lag
What is social influence? What are the construct related to social influence? ANSWER
Changes in affect, behavior, or cognitions resulting from the imagined or implied presence of
others.
social roles, conformity, obedience, and group think.
What are the two types of social influence and hare they are related to pluralistic ignorance?
ANSWER types of social influence and hare they are related to pluralistic ignorance?
Informative social influence: Looking to others when expectations are unclear. Normative
social influence: Avoiding punishment or accruing rewards. (public compliance, not
necessarily private acceptance). These are related to PI because people look to others for a
false norm so that they abide to the rules of society
What is Cooley's Looking Glass Self and how is it relevant to the phenomenon of pluralistic
ignorance? ANSWER Self-evaluation mirrors what we think others think about us. This
mirrors PI because people care about social acceptance
Prentice & Miller (1993): What was the goal of study 1? Using Table 1 in the lecture notes,
what does this pattern of result tell us? ANSWER To demonstrate PI by showing a
divergence between private attitudes and the social norm as well as a belief in the university
of that norm. The table shows that there is in fact PI because the mean score for self-ratings is
lower than the other score.
Prentice & Miller (1993): What were the goals of study 2? Using Table 2 in the lecture notes,
what does this pattern of results tell us? ANSWER To study whether the order of the
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