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Math 218 Exam 2 with Questions and Answers

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Math 218 Exam 2 with Questions and Answers Matrix Multiplication ANSWER only makes sense if # of cols of first matrix = # rows of second matrix --> if performing A*B: resulting matrix should have rows = # rows of A cols = # cols of B in other words AB ∈ R^mofA x nofB Column Perspe...

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  • November 15, 2024
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  • Math 218
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Math 218 Exam 2 with Questions and
Answers
Matrix Multiplication ANSWER only makes sense if # of cols of first matrix = # rows of
second matrix

--> if performing A*B: resulting matrix should have

rows = # rows of A

cols = # cols of B



in other words AB ∈ R^mofA x nofB



Column Perspective ANSWER When multiplying two matrices, the cols of the resulting
matrix are calculated from multiplying the first matrix with each individual col of b (linear
combination) and the resulting vector will go in the corresponding column of the new matrix



Row Perspective ANSWER the (i,j) entry of a matrix product is given by the inner product
<ith row of A, jth col of B>

--> fill AB entry by entry with inner products



Matrix arithmetic thrm ANSWER additive associativity : A+(B+C) = (A+B)+C

multiplicative associativity : (AB)C = A(BC)

additive commutativity : A + B = B + A

left distributive : A(B+C) = AB+AC

right distributive : (A+B)C = AC + BC

identity rule : AIn = ImA = A

trace rule : trace(AB) = trace(BA)

transposition : (AB)^T = (B^T )(A^T)

, ---> *** order reversing involution



Is matrix multiplication commutative? ANSWER NO. It is generally not commutative

ex: ABABABA = A^4 * B^3 is WRONG



Gramian of a matrix ANSWER G = A^T * A



the gramian of an mxn matrix is a nxn symmetric matrix



inner product written as matrix multiplication ANSWER <v,w> = (v^T)*w



adjoint formula proof / thrm ANSWER <Av,w> = <v,A^T*w> proof:



<Av,w> =

(Av)^T*w = (v^T * A^T) w = v^T(A^T)w = v^T(A^T * w) = <v,A^T*w>



reduced row echelon form ANSWER matrix R is in reduced row echelon form if

1) any zero-rows are at the bottom

2) first non-zero entry of the other non-zero rows is 1

3) every pivot occurs to the right of the pivots above it

4) all non-pivot entries in a col containing a pivot equal 0



notation : R = rref(R)



rank ANSWER the number of pivot cols in a matrix of row echelon form

ex: rank(R) = 3

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