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Study RISC-V ISA Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025 How many registers are defined for an RV32I/RV64I processor? - ANSWERSx1-31 (general purpose) + PC (program counter) + x0 (hardwired zero) =============== 32 registers 32/64b wide What four memory access instructions are supported in R...

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Study RISC-V ISA Exam Questions &
Answers 2024/2025

How many registers are defined for an RV32I/RV64I processor? - ANSWERSx1-31 (general purpose)

+ PC (program counter)

+ x0 (hardwired zero)

===============

32 registers 32/64b wide



What four memory access instructions are supported in RV64I by the I-format, and how do operations of
this format interpret immediate values? - ANSWERSlb: load (8b) byte.

lh: load (16b) half word.

lw: load word (32b).

ld: load double (64b).

Operation instructions sign-extend immediates.



Ld from stack. - ANSWERSld rd, imm(sp) # load 64b from stack



Why does loading from a large offset or immediate value require multiple instructions? - ANSWERSAn
immediate is of size 12b when using loads so the effective address should be loaded into a register first if
the offset is greater than 12b which can help store the whole address (32b or 64b).



What are registers x0-4 and how are they defined? - ANSWERSx0: zero (hardwired zero)

x1: ra (return address)

x2: sp (stack pointer)

x3: gp (global pointer)

x4: tp (thread pointer)

, Prior to using a 32b immediate, use ___ (which loads the upper 20b of the destination register) for
immediate values greater than 12b. - ANSWERSlui dst, imm



What temporary registers (tN) are defined? - ANSWERSt0-6 (x5-7, x28-31)



What argument/return registers (aN) are defined? - ANSWERSa0-7

arguments: a0-7 (x10-17)

return values: a0, a1 (x10, x11)



What saved registers (sN) are defined? - ANSWERSs0-11 (x8-9, x18-27)



register x8 has what two other names? - ANSWERSs0: saved register

fp: frame pointer



Load 0xCAFEBABE into t0 in RV32I. - ANSWERSlui t0, 0xCAFEB

lw t0, 0xABE(t0)



Which registers are saved by the caller? - ANSWERSreturn address (ra)

function arguments (aN)

temporary registers (tN)



Which registers are saved by the callee? - ANSWERSstack pointer (sp)

frame pointer (fp)

saved registers (sN)



What is the difference between lui and auipc? - ANSWERSlui supports global addressing (uses the
effective address directly, rd=imm) while auipc supports relative addressing (adds upper immediate and
program counter to rd, rd=imm+PC).

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