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Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1-3 AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+$27.49
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Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1-3 AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
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Nurs 615 Pharm
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Nurs 615 Pharm
Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1-3 AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing? -
CORRECT ANSWER Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind
to albumin a...
Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1-3 AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing? -
CORRECT ANSWER Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind
to albumin aka protein) = increased adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning: - CORRECT ANSWER is considered a
contraindication to administer that drug.
What is the drugs half-life? - CORRECT ANSWER Half-life specifically
means the amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be
halfway cleared from the system.
Peak of action: - CORRECT ANSWER the time between drug
administration and maximum concentration of drug in the blood
stream. Best therapeutic effect.
Duration of action: - CORRECT ANSWER the time between onset of
action and metabolism of drug below the minimum needed for an
effect. The length of time you have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing
process? - CORRECT ANSWER The first step is to define the patient's
problem
The second step is to - CORRECT ANSWER specify the therapeutic
objective
The third step is to - CORRECT ANSWER choose which drug or treatment
is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach: - CORRECT ANSWER Start the treatment
,Step 5 of the WHO approach: - CORRECT ANSWER Educate the patient
Step 6 of the WHO approach: - CORRECT ANSWER Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWER The drug is tested on
healthy volunteers
Phase 2 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWER trials with people
who have the disease for which the drug is thought to be effective
Phase 3 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWER Large numbers of
patients in medical research centers receive the drug in phase 3. This
larger sampling provides information about infrequent or rare adverse
effects. The FFA will approve a new drug application if phase 3 studies
are satisfactory.
Phase 4 of drug development: - CORRECT ANSWER This phase is
voluntary and involves postmarket surveillance of the drug's
therapeutic effects at the completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical
company receives reports from doctors and other health care
professionals about the therapeutic results and adverse effects of the
drug. Some medications, for example, have been found to be toxic and
have been removed from the market after their initial release.
Explain first pass metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER much of the drug is
lost in the absorption process. The liver metabolizes many drugs, thus
reduces the bioavailabilty of the drug.
What is the fasted route of absorption: - CORRECT ANSWER The fastest
route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the
IV administration.
Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb? - CORRECT ANSWER The
GI tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through
these cells in order to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
,What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a
given drug? - CORRECT ANSWER the cell membrane. Cell membranes
are essentially lipid bilayers which form a semipermeable membrane.
Pure lipid bilayers are generally permeable only to small and
uncharged solutes, hence whether or not a molecule is ionized will
affect its absorption, since ionic molecules are charged.
What is solubility? - CORRECT ANSWER Solubility favors charged
species, permeability favors neutral species. Some molecules have
special exchange proteins and channels to facilitate movement from
the lumen into the circulation.
Why does absorption occur at a slower rate for oral, IM, SQ routes? -
CORRECT ANSWER Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the
complex membrane systems of GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin
delay drug passage.
The ability of a drug to cross a cell membrane depends on: - CORRECT
ANSWER whether the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble
drugs easily cross through cell membranes; water-soluble drugs can't.
Lipid-soluble drugs can also cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the
brain.
As a drug travels through the body, it comes in contact with? - CORRECT
ANSWER proteins such as the plasma protein albumin. The drug can
remain free or bind to the protein. The portion of a drug that's bound to
a protein is inactive and can't exert a therapeutic effect. Only the free,
or unbound, portion remains active. A drug is said to be highly protein-
bound if more than 80% of the drug is bound to protein.
Identify drug metabolism and the role of isoenzymes in the p450
system - CORRECT ANSWER CYPs are the are the major enzymes
involved in drug metabolism accounting for about 75% of the total
metabolism.
Naturally occurring compounds may induce or inhibit CYP activity. -
CORRECT ANSWER For example, bioactive compounds found in
grapefruit juice and some other fruit juices including dihydroxy
, forgotten and parasitin A have been found to inhibit CYP3a4 mediated
metabolism of certain medications leading to increased bioavailability
and the strong possibility of overdosing.
What does grapefruit have to do with CYP? - CORRECT ANSWER
Grapefruit is an inhibitor and will decrease the metabolism of drugs by
the cyp enzymes
When 2 drugs are both metabolized by the p450 system the drug
should be - CORRECT ANSWER administered at separate times to
prevent the metabolism of one drug resulting in toxic effects of the
other drug. (because it would have less protein to bind too, thus more
free floating drug)
What is the efficacy of a drug? - CORRECT ANSWER Efficacy is the
maximum response achievable from a drug. Effectiveness refers to the
ability of the drug to produce a beneficial effect.
On the drug concentration curve what is the first sign of a therapeutic
effect? - CORRECT ANSWER The onset of action
What is the purpose of a peak and trough level? - CORRECT ANSWER To
determine if the drug is in therapeutic range.
Describe the purpose of blood brain barrier - CORRECT ANSWER The
BBB is a highly selective permeability barrier that separates the
circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the CNS. The
BBB is formed by brain endothelial cells which are connected by tight
junctions with an extremely high electrical resistivity of at least 0.1
micron. The BBB allows the passage of water, some gases, and lipid
soluble molecules by passive diffusion as well as the selective
transport molecules such as glucose and amino acids that are crucial
to neuro function.
Describe the purpose of the fetal placental barrier - CORRECT ANSWER
the so-called placental barrier impedes certain chemicals although it
allows most fat soluble chemicals to cross. Drugs that are more water
soluble and that possess a higher molecular weight tend not to cross
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