OMM Review - Savarese - COMLEX - COMSAE Exam Questions and Answers
Which ligament runs vertically along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies? - AnswerPosterior Longitudinal Ligament (Begins to narrow at lumbar region)
/.Why is the lumbar spine more susceptible to disc herniations? - A...
OMM Review - Savarese - COMLEX - COMSAE Exam
Questions and Answers
Which ligament runs vertically along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies? -
AnswerPosterior Longitudinal Ligament (Begins to narrow at lumbar region)
/.Why is the lumbar spine more susceptible to disc herniations? - AnswerNarrowing of
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
/.In the thoracic and lumbar regions, the nerve root exits where in relation to the
corresponding vertebrae? - AnswerBelow
/.Where does the spinal cord usually terminate? - AnswerL1-L2
/.Due to the termination of the spinal cord, where do the lumbar nerve roots exit in
relation to the intervertebral disc? - AnswerAbove
/.A pelvic side shift usually indicates what? - AnswerIliopsoas dysfunction
/.A positive Thomas test indicates what? - AnswerIliopsoas dysfunction
/.What landmark is used to locate the L4-L5 intervertebral disc? - AnswerIliac Crest
/.What is the most common anomaly in the lumbar region? - AnswerZygopophyseal
Facet Trophism (predisposes to early degenerative changes)
/.What is it called when one or both transverse processes of L5 articulate with the
sacrum? - AnswerSacralization
/.What is it called when there is a failure of S1 to fuse with the other sacral segments? -
AnswerLumbarization
/.A defect in the closure of the lamina of the vertebral segment is called: - AnswerSpina
Bifida
/.No herniation through the defect, course patch of hair over site, rare neurologic
deficits: - AnswerSpina Bifida Occulta
/.Herniation of meninges through defect: - AnswerSpina Bifida Meningocele
/.Herniation of meninges and nerve roots through defect, associated with neurological
deficits: - AnswerSpina Bifida meningomyelocele
/.What is the major motion of the lumbar vertebrae? - AnswerFlexion and Extension
,/.Sidebending of L5 will induce what in the sacrum? - AnswerOblique Axis on the same
side
/.Rotaion of L5 will induce what in the sacrum? - AnswerRotation to opposite side
/.What is another name for the lumbosacral angle? - AnswerFerguson's Angle
/.What is the intersection of a horizontal line and the line of inclination of the sacrum
called? - AnswerLumbosacral Angle (Ferguson's Angle)
/.What is a normal angle for the Lumbosacral (Ferguson's angle)? - Answer25-35
degrees
/.Where do 98% of herniations occur? - AnswerL4-L5 or L5-S1
/.A herniated lumbar disc will exert pressure on the nerve root of the vertebrae (above
or below)? - AnswerBelow
/.Sharp, burning or shooting pain radiating down the leg which is worse with flexion is
indicative of what? - AnswerHerniated disc
/.Increased pain when standing or wlking indicates what? - AnswerPsoas Syndrome
/.What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of herniated disc? - AnswerMRI
/.What is indicated if a patient has ipsilateral psoas syndrome and contralateral
piriformis spasm? - AnswerSciatica
/.A flexion contracture of the iliopsoas is often associated with what? - AnswerNon-
neutral dysfunction of L1 or L2
/.Lower back pain that is worsened by extension (standing, walking or lying supine) is
most likely what? - AnswerSpinal Stenosis
/.Anterior displacement of one vertebrae in relation to the one below is called: -
AnswerSpondylolisthesis
/.Fatigue fractures in the pars interarticularis is a common cause of what? -
AnswerSpondylolisthesis
/.A defect of the pars interarticularis without anterior displacement of the vertebral body
is called: - AnswerSpondylolysis
/.Oblique radiographs showing a Scotty Dog is indicative of what? -
AnswerSpondylolysis
,/.What should you look for on radiographs if suspicious of Spondylolysis? -
AnswerScotty Dog
/.Forward displacement of one vertebrae on another seen on lateral films is indicative of
what? - AnswerSpondylolisthesis
/.Degenerative changes within the intervertebral disc and ankylosing of adjacent
vertebral bodies is called what? - AnswerSpondylosis
/.Saddle Anesthesia, decreased deep tendon reflexes, decreased rectal sphincter tone,
loss of bowel and bladder control are indicative of what? - AnswerCauda Equina
Syndrome (Surgical Emergency)
/.What is the cause of Cauda Equina Syndrome? - AnswerMassive Central Disc
Herniation
/.Grade 1 Spondylolisthesis is what percentage of displacement? - Answer0-25%
/.Grade 2 Spondylolisthesis is what percentage of displacement? - Answer25-50%
/.Grade 3 Spondylolisthesis is what percentage of displacement? - Answer50-75%
/.Grade 4 Spondylolisthesis is what percentage of displacement? - Answer>75%
/.Appendicitis, Sigmoid Colon dysfunction, ureteral calculi, ureter dysfunction, metastatic
carcinoma of the prostate and salpingitis are all possible causes of what somatic
dysfunction? - AnswerPsoas Syndrome
/.The point at which a patient can actively move any given joint is called: -
AnswerPhysiologic Barrier
/.The point at which a physician can passively move any given point (beyond would
cause ligament, tendon or skeletal injury): - AnswerAnatomic Barrier
/.The point caused by somatic dysfunction that prevents motion to the physiologic
barrier: - AnswerRestrictive Barrier
/.Another name for restrictive barrier is: - AnswerPathologic Barrier
/.What is the only subjective component of TART? - AnswerTenderness
/.The painful sensation produced by palpation of tissues where it should not occur is
called: - AnswerTenderness
/.Edematous, erythematous, bogginess, increased moisture and hypertonicity are
characteristic of what? - AnswerAcute Tissue Texture Changes
, /.Cool dry skin, slight tension, decreased muscle tone, flaccid ropy and fibrotic are
characteristic of what? - AnswerChronic Tissue Texture Changes
/.Tenderness in acute somatic dysfunction are likely to be what? - AnswerSevere or
Sharp
/.Tenderness in chronic somatic dysfunctino are likely to be what? - AnswerDull, achy or
burning
/.The rules that govern spinal motion are termed: - AnswerFryette's Laws
/.In Type I somatic dysfunction, sidebending and rotation occur to what? -
AnswerOpposite sides
/.In Type I somatic dysfunction, would you expect to see flexion, extension or neutral
positioning? - AnswerNeutral (N for neutral points opposite directions as do rotation and
sidebending)
/.In Type II somatic dysfunction, sidebending and rotation occur to what? - AnswerSame
side
/.In Type II somatic dysfunction, would you expect to see flexion, extension, or neutral
positioning? - AnswerFlexed or Extended
/.How many vertebrae does Type II SD affect? - AnswerOne
/.How many vertebrae does Type I SD affect? - AnswerMultiple
/.In non-neutral (Type II) SD, which occurs first, Sidebending or Rotation? -
AnswerRotation
/.In neutral (Type I) SD, which occurs first, Sidebending or Rotation? -
AnswerSidebending
/.Initiating motion at any vertebral segment in any one plane of motion will modify the
mobility in the other two planes is the definition of what? - AnswerFreyette's Law III
/.C1 is the 1st so it is number 1) - What is the principle SD of C1? - AnswerType I (with
F, E, or N
/.C2-C7 come after C1 so they are number 2) - What are the principle SD of C2? -
AnswerType II (with F, E, or N
/.Somatic Dysfunction is always named for the direction of: - AnswerEase
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