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NURS280 Metaparadigms Test With Complete Solution
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NURS280 Metaparadigms TestWith Complete Solution
Nightingale's Model - Answer Person: Recipient of Nursing Care
Environment: External (temperature, bedding, ventilation) and internal (food, water, and
medications)
Health: Health is "not only to be well but to be able to use well every power we have to
use"
Nursing: Alter or manage the environment to implement the natural laws of health
Henderson's Philosophy and Art of Nursing - Answer Person: Recipient of nursing care
who is composed of biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual components
Environment: External environment (temperature, dangers in the environment); some
discussion of the impact of community on the individual and family
Health: Based upon the patient's ability to function independently (as outlined in 14
components of basic nursing care)
Nursing: Assist the person, sick or well, in performance of activities (14 components of
basic nursing care) and help the person gain independence as rapidly as possible
Watson's Philosophy and Science of Caring - Answer Person(human): A "unity of
mind-body-spirit/nature"; embodied spirit
Healing space and environment: A nonphysical energetic environment; a vibrational
field integral with the person where the nurse is not only in the environment but also "
the nurse IS the environment"
Health(healing): Harmony, wholeness, and comfort
Nursing: Reciprocal transpersonal relationship in caring moments guided by the
carative factors and Caritas process
Benner's Philosophy - Answer Person: an Embodied person living in the world who is a
"self-interpreting being, that is, the person does not come into the world pre-defined but
gets defined in the course of living a life"
Environment (situation): a social environment with social definition and meaningfulness
Health: the human experience of health or wholeness
Nursing: A caring relationship that includes the care and study of the lived experience of
health, illness, and disease
, Roger's Theory - Answer Person: A irreducible, irreversible, pan-dimensional,
negentropic energy field identified by pattern; a unitary human being develops through
three principles: helicy, resonance, and integrality
Environment: An irreducible, pan-dimensional, negentropic energy field, identified by
pattern and manifesting characteristics different from those of the parts and
encompassing all that is other than any given human field
Health: Health and illness as part of the continuum
Nursing: Seeks to promote symphonic interactions between human and environmental
fields to strengthen the integrity of the human field, and the direct and redirect
patterning of the human and environmental; fields for the realization of maximum health
and potential
Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory - Answer Person (patient): A person under the care of a
nurse; a total being with universal, developmental needs and capable of self-care
Environment: Physical, chemical biologic, and social contexts within which human
beings exist; environmental components including environmental factors, environmental
elements, environmental conditions, and developmental environment
Health: "A state characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human
structures and of bodily and mental functioning
Nursing: Therapeutic self-care designed to supplement self-care requisites. Nursing
actions fall into one of three categories; wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, or
supportive-educative system
Roy's Adaptation Model - Answer Person: "An adaptive system with cognate and
regulator subsystems acting to maintain adaptation in the four adaptive modes"
Environment: "All conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting
the development and behavior of persons and groups, with particular consideration of
mutuality of person and earth resources
Health: "A state and process of being and becoming an integrated and whole that
reflects the person and environment mutuality"
Nursing: The goal of nursing is to "promote adaptation for individuals and groups in the
four adaptive modes, thus contributing to health, quality of life, and dying with dignity by
assessing behavior and factors that influence adaptive abilities and to enhance
environmental factors."
Neuman's Systems Model of Nursing - Answer Person (client system): A composite of
physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual variables in
interaction with the internal and external environment; represented by central
structure, lines of defense and lines of resistance
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