organic compounds contain:
carbon
1 carbon prefix:
meth-
2 carbon prefix:
eth-
3 carbon prefix:
prop-
4 carbon prefix:
but-
5 carbon prefix:
pent-
6 carbon prefix:
hex-
7 carbon prefix:
hept-
8 carbon prefix:
-oct
alkanes contain:
single bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms
alkanes end in:
-ane
rule 1- to chose where the bond of interest is:
count from both sides and chose the lowest value
alkenes contain:
carbon and hydrogen atoms and at least one set of double-bonded carbon atoms
alkenes end in:
-ene
alkynes contain:
carbon and hydrogen atoms and at least one set of triple-bonded carbon atoms
alkynes end in:
-yne
primary alcohol:
the carbon atoms carrying the -OH group is only attached to a single alkyl group
secondary alcohol:
the carbon atom carrying the -OH group is attached to two alkyl groups
tertiary alcohol:
the carbon atom carrying the -OH group is attached to three alkyl groups
alcohols contain:
-OH group
, alcohols end in:
-ol
aldehydes contain:
a carbon atom that is double bonded to an oxygen, single bonded to a hydrogen and
then bonded to some further chemical group
aldehydes end in:
-al
ketones contain:
a carbon doubled bonded to an oxygen and then has two seperate single bonds to
further chemical groups
ketones end in:
-one
carboxylic acids contain:
-COOH group
carboxylic acids end in:
-oic acid
amines contain:
-CNH2 group
amines end in:
-amine
amides contain:
-CONH2 group
amides end in:
-amide
halogen fluorine prefix:
fluoro-
halogen chlorine prefix:
chloro-
halogen bromine prefix:
bromo-
halogen iodine prefix:
-iodo
steps to name halogenated organic compounds:
count longest carbon chain- after prefix; locate halogens and count from end that give
lowest value; multiple halogens- prefix di/tri
saturated:
can't dissolve any more solid
structural isomers:
two compounds with the same molecular formula, but different bonding
chain isomers
different arrangement of the carbon skeleton
position isomers:
different location of functional group
functional group isomers:
based on changes to functional group
structure and bonding experiments:
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