,Chapter 1. The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease
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1 The nucleus
b , which is essential for function and
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survival of the cell.
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A) is the site of protein synthesis b b b b b
B) contains the genetic code b b b
C) transforms cellular energy b b
D) initiates aerobic metabolism b b
2 Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known
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as the power plants of the cell because they:
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A) contain RNA for protein synthesis. b b b b
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
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C) extract energy from organic compounds. b b b b
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
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3 Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is
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formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane
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functions are carried out by:
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A) bound and transmembrane proteins. b b b
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains. b b b
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors. b b b b
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
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4 To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication
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utilizes chemical messenger systems that:
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A) displace surface receptor proteins. b b b
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions. b b b b
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
b b b
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
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5 Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism,
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provides energy by:
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,A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP. b b b b b
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. b b b b b b
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm. b b b b b
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
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6 Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in
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into the extracellular fluid.
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A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for b b b b b b b
transport
b
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful
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microorganisms
b
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing b b b b b
synthesized substances
b b
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes b b b b b
for secretion
b b
7 The process responsible for generating and conducting
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membrane potentials is:
b b b
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions. b b b
B) millivoltage of electrical potential. b b b
C) polarization of charged particles. b b b
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
b b
8 Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the
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cells and the number of layers. Which of the following is a
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correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?
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A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with
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intercellular matrix; some do not extend to
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surface
b
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all
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cells rest on basement membrane
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, C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surfaceb b b b b
epithelia and underlying connective tissue
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D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of b b b b
cells; deepest layer rests on basement
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membrane
b
9 Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
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A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
b b b b b
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular
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fibers.
b
C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers
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muscles.
b
D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in
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place.
b
10 Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities,
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smooth muscle (also known as involuntary muscle) differs
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by:
b
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
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B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M b b b b b b
bands.
b
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-
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striations.
b
D) contracting in response to increased b b b b
intracellular calcium.
b b
11 Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is
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performed by ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
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A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for
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protein synthesis
b b
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein
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synthesis
b
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