MODULE 7 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE.Buy Quality Materials
Shape of alkanes
tetrahedral
Shape of alkenes
trigonal planar
Shape of alkynes
linear
Homologous series
Series of compounds with the same functional group that normally increase i...
Shape of alkanes
tetrahedral
Shape of alkenes
trigonal planar
Shape of alkynes
linear
Homologous series
Series of compounds with the same functional group that normally increase in the
length of the carbon chain
Intramolecular forces
Relate to the actual bonds present in the element or compound
This may be electrostatic attraction in terms of ionic bonding or the sharing of electrons
in terms of covalent bonding
The difference in the intramolecular bonding in the homologous series of alkanes is the
addition of more bonds of the same type
The difference within the homologouys series between alkanes, alkeneds and alkynes
is the presence of a double or triple covalent bond
Dispersion forces
Weak only occur due to temporary dipoles caused by a random fleeting uneven
distribution of electrons
Dipole dipole forces
Present between polar molecules, caused by the attraction of opposite dipoles between
molecules
Hydrogen bonds
Formed between molecules that hav a H connected to a F,O OR N. This creates a
super strong dipole
Melting and boiling points of alkanes
As you increase chain length, boiling (and melting) points increase. Because as the
chain gets longer there is more dispersion forces between longer molecules- so you
need more forces to break them away
Shape and geometry is also a factor. More compound geometry prevents more contact
points for dispersion forces
Melting and and boiling points of alkenes and alkynes
Double bonds have fewer e- therefore lower dispersion forces. So the BP would be
lower.
Melting and boiling point of haloalkenes
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