Exam (elaborations)
PSYC 1004 KEY TERMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYC 1004 KEY TERMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYC 1004 KEY TERMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSSocial Cognition - Answers- The thoughts we have about the stimuli in our
environment, which typically arise when a schema is activated
Social Attribution - Answers- an explanation of how others appear, behave, or are
motivated
Social Cognitive Biases - Answers- A reliance on schemas to make assumptions about
social situations; they are often incomplete but have solidified over time and become a
bias
Self-Serving Bias - Answers- We demonstrate the _____________ whenever we
attribute our failures to external factors and our successes to internal factors
Social Compassion - Answers- occurs whenever we judge ourselves in comparison to
others
Proximity - Answers- provides opportunities to cultivate a relationship
Similarity - Answers- people tend to organize objects with similar qualities into a
perceptual group and interpret them as a whole
Central Route - Answers- one of two paths to changing an attitude. The
_____________ of attitude change attempts to intervene on core beliefs (e.g., personal
values or other strongly held ideas)
Consistency - Answers- the pressure we feel to behave in ways that are in concert with
our attitudes and beliefs, or to behave in ways we know others expect us to behave; We
resist change; We act ourselves into certain thinking, and vice versa; We honor public,
active, and voluntary commitment
Fundamental Attribution Error - Answers- We make the _____________ when we
attribute the behavior of others to a personality disposition
Group Membership - Answers- An association with two or more people
In-Group Bias - Answers- The tendency to favor an in-group (with which we identify)
and undervalue out-groups (those which we do not identify)
In-Group Favoritism - Answers- When we perceive our group to be better than other
groups; allocate more resources and rewards to members of this group
Group-Service Bias - Answers- Occurs whenever we maintain a positive evaluation of
our in-group in spite of contradictory evidence
, Reciprocity - Answers- We return favors; We are more likely to comply after retreating
Ingratiation - Answers- We are attracted to similarities; We like those who praise us and
cooperate; We actively care for the people we live
Conformity - Answers- A change in a person's behavior or opinions as a result of real or
imagined pressure from a person or group of people; We follow those who are similar
and credible; We model most in unfamiliar situations
Stereotypes - Answers- occurs whenever we ascribe general characteristics, motives,
and behaviors to an entire group of individuals
Prejudice - Answers- occurs when we base opinions about people on stereotypes of
their in-group
Discrimination - Answers- negative action stemming from a stereotype
A - Answers- Affective/Evaluative Component; Likes, Dislikes, Emotions
B - Answers- Behavioral Component; Intentions to act in specific ways
C - Answers- Cognitive Component; beliefs
Peripheral Route - Answers- one of two paths to changing an attitude. The
__________________ of attitude change attempts to intervene on beliefs that are not
very strong
Authority - Answers- The capacity to influence others; We follow _____________
blindly and mindlessly; We follow those with credibility
Scarcity - Answers- an attempt to influence people by conveying the notion that
something is rare, valuable, or will not always be available; We react to protect our
individuality; We value rare opportunities; We are motivated to avoid loss
Novelty - Answers- We habituate to the routine; We are attentive and attracted to the
unique
Cognitive Dissonance - Answers- occurs when perceiving an inconsistency between
behavior and an attitude, belief, or cognition
Self-perception theory - Answers- inferring our attitudes or values based on what
behavior we choose to perform
Foot-in-the-door - Answers- Honoring a small request increases one's tendency to
honor a larger request later
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