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NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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NR 283 PathophysiologyExam 2 Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
arteries - Answer: transport blood away from heart
veins - Answer: transport blood to the heart
capillaries - Answer: microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation - Answer: exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation - Answer: gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins - Answer: osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
erythrocytes - Answer: contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
erythropoietin - Answer: produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis) - Answer: 1. vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2.
platelet clot 3. coagulation mechanism
Rh+ - Answer: antigen D in plasma membrane
, Rh- - Answer: absence of antigen D
anemia - Answer: causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
oxygen deficit leads to - Answer: less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral
vasoconstriction-compensation mechanisms
general signs of anemia - Answer: fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of
epithelial cells, severe anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia - Answer: insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia - Answer: dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss,
impaired duodenal absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - Answer: general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and
ridged nails, brittle hair, stomatitis, glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) - Answer: lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by
gastric mucosa, required for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
etiology of pernicious anemia - Answer: dietary insufficiency, malabsorption, surgery, such as
gastrectomy
signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia - Answer: general signs, tongue enlarged, red, sore, and shiny,
digestive discomfort, feeling of pins and needles, tingling of limbs
aplastic anemia - Answer: impairment or failure of bone marrow leading to loss of stem cells and
pancytopenia
pancytopenia - Answer: decreased numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in the blood
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