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Microbiology OA WGU D311: Questions With Expert Verified Solutions
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Microbiology OA WGU D311: Questions With Expert Verified Solutions
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Microbiology OA WGU D311: Questions With ExpertVerified Solutions
Prokaryote (Pro- Before, Kary- Nucleus) Right Ans - No Nucleus
Tightly Bound, Circular Chromosome (1)
Asexual
Virulence Factors (ability to cause disease) Right Ans - bacteria-associated
molecules that are required for a bacterium to cause disease while infecting
eukaryotic hosts such as humans
Prokaryote Right Ans - -no membrane bound organelles (nucleus,
mitochondria, chloroplasts)
-has cytoplasmic soup (soupy)
-Only BACTERIA & ARCHAEA
,Flagellum Right Ans - used for movement only (w/o bacterium won't
move)
Bacteria Right Ans - Run- Tumble (movement)
pilus (pili) Right Ans - hairlike, submicroscopic structure made of protein
that can help a bacterial cell attach to environmental surfaces and act as a
bridge between cells
Plasmid Right Ans - exchange genetic information
Capule(thick)/ slime layer(thin) Right Ans - protection to the bacterial cell
(slimy, made up of polysaccharides(sticky)
1. helps bacteria stick producing biofilms
2. protect cell from phagocytosis (won't eat bacteria w/ capsule)
Cell wall Right Ans - A rigid structure (peptidoglycan) that surrounds the
cell membrane and provides support to the cell from bursting (hypertonic
solution)
Cell membrane (plasma membrane) (selectively permeable membrane)
Right Ans - Found in all cells. Protects the cell by controlling what gets in
(good) and out (waste).
Bacteria cell wall Right Ans - made of peptidoglycan, name after staining
technique
Cell Wall Type and the Gram Stain Right Ans - Gram positive, gram
negative, acid fact
Gram positive cell wall- Thick Right Ans - -Keep primary stain
-cell wall-peptidoglycan (60-90%)- Thick & Rigid
-Teichoic acids- Embedded in peptio.(attachment sites for bacteriophages
(virus that infects bacteria)
-Lipoteichoic acids-anchor the cell membrane
Gram positive cell wall function Right Ans - Protects cell from lysis
,Protects cell from phagocytes (made of sugar so phagocytes think cell is
supposed to be there)
Maintains cell shape
Confer new abilities (take genetic info transfer to another bacteria cell
Antibiotic resistance
toxin production
Utilize new carbohydrates
-purple/blue stain
gram negative cell wall (more pathogenic) Right Ans - Lose primary stain
&counterstain needed
Thin peptidoglycan (10-20%)
Outer membrane- extra layer of protection
Periplasmic space (metabolism and breaks down substances to go into cell
membrane)
Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin-toxic to humans, no effect when attached to
bacteria, harmful when released (treatment/immune try to fight off infection)
Toxic-causes fever, inflammation, shock/death
Exotoxin-bacteria produced and release
-counterstain turn pink/red
Acid fast Right Ans - Mycobacterium (pathogenic &causes TB & hansens)
Thin layer of peptidoglycan (40%)
Thick lipid layer (mycolic acid 60%)
Bacteria grows slow, lack of nutrition
harder to fight (long term treatment)
Wall-deficient (small group) Right Ans - No peptidoglycan (no rigidity)
Cell membrane strengthened by sterols (strengthen the cell membrane)
Eukaryote (true nucleus) Right Ans - •Paired chromosomes, in nuclear
membrane
•Histones
•Organelles
•Polysaccharide cell walls, when present
•Divides by mitosis
eukaryote includes Right Ans - protists, fungi, plants (most common, thick
cell wall, large vacuole), animals(cristals), helminths
, Protists Right Ans - single-celled or simple multicellular eukaryotic
organisms that generally do not fit in any other kingdom
Protozoa Right Ans - Animal-like protists that eat other organisms or
decaying parts of other organisms. Doesn't make their own food.
Protist/Protozoa Diseases Right Ans - Malaria, sleeping sickness, giardiasis,
Ameoblidy, Leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, GI disorders
Fungi Right Ans - -nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of
movement, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings
and absorbing the nutrients(heterotrophs)
-spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast
(single celled-bread & alcohol, saccharomyces), mushrooms, and toadstools.
-chitin(cell wall)
Fungi Muliticelluar Right Ans - Hyphae(mycelium-1+ hyphae)
1-imcomplete cell walls-septum
2-Multiple nuclei
Ex: Ringworm (hand& rub arm-can transfer), athlete's foot, histoplasmosis
Fungi Groups Right Ans - Zygomycota- sexual through conjugation &
asexual, Ascomycota-sexual through ascospore(saclike) & asexual thru
conidiospores
Basidiomycota-sexual through basidia(clublike) & asexual (mushroom, roots,
smuts)
Deuteromycota- lichen is a type of fungi- asexual only (fungi imperfecti
Helminths Right Ans - multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called
worms or flukes
Reduce organ systems (start @ mouth -ends anus)
Fermentation Right Ans - A catabolic process that makes a limited amount
of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a
characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
Break down the sugars in grains-converting them into alcohol, carbon dioxide
and beer flavors
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