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NR228 - NUTRITION EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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NR228 - NUTRITION EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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NR228 - NUTRITION EXAM 1 STUDYGUIDE
ABSENCE OF PROTEIN IN THE DIET - ANS - if no protein is consumed, the body uses muscle
tissue to provide amino acids to make essential body proteins
ABSORPTION OF AMINO ACIDS - ANS - occurs through the intestinal walls by means of
competitive active transport
requires vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) as a carrier
water-soluble, so can easily pass into the bloodstream
ACCEPTABLE MACRONUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION RANGES (AMDRs) - ANS - daily
percentage energy intake values for the macronutrients fat, carbohydrate, and protein
ADEQUATE INTAKE (AI) - ANS - approximate level of an average nutrient intake
determined by observation of or experimentation with a particular group or population that
appears to maintain good health
used when there are insufficient data to set an RDA
ALCOHOL - ANS - although it can provide energy, it is NOT considered a nutrient because the
body does not need it
ALCOHOL - ENERGY - ANS - 7 kcal/g
ALCOHOL - SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS - ANS - do not drive vehicles
do not drink during pregnancy/breastfeeding
do not drink when taking Rx medications
ALCOHOL - SERVING SIZE - ANS - *BEER*
12 ounces
*WINE*
5 ounces
*SPIRITS*
,1.5 ounces
ALTERED PERISTALSIS - ANS - If peristalsis speeds up, diarrhea will result
If peristalsis slows down, constipation will result
ALTERNATIVE TO HYDROGENATION - TO INCREASE SHELF LIFE - ANS - adding vitamin E
antioxidants provide a way to preserve unsaturated fats without hydrogenation
AMINOPEPTIDASE - ANS - releases free amino acids from the amino acids of short-chain
peptides
ANABOLISM - ANS - the process of synthesis from which substances are formed
*example*
healing of broken bone
APPENDIX - ANS - least vital part of the intestine
function is unknown
humans can live without it
ASPERTAME - NURSING CONSIDERATION - ANS - contains phenylalanine
should not be consumed by individuals who have phenylketonuria (PKU)
BACTERIA IN THE MOUTH - ANS - promotes fermentation of simple carbohydrates, which
leads to the formation of plaque/tooth decay
BILE - ANS - emulsifies dietary fats to increase surface area for the action of digestive enzymes
without bile, digestion of fats would occur more slowly
BLOOD CLOT PREVENTION - ANS - increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids
*example*
fatty fish including salmon
BODY MASS INDEX - ANS - *Below 18.5* = underweight
*Between 18.5 - 24.9* = healthy weight
,*Between 25 - 29.9* = overweight
*Over 30* = obese
* 30-34.9 = obese class 1
* 35-39.9 = obese class 2
* 40 and above = obese class 3
BODY MASS INDEX - CALCULATION - ANS - Weight (kg)/height (m²)
or
Weight (lbs)/height (in²) x 703
BUTTER vs. SUNFLOWER OIL - ANS - *sunflower oil*
rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids
*butter*
rich in saturated fatty acids
** Sunflower oil is the healthier choice
CALCIUM - NON DAIRY SOURCES - ANS - green leafy vegetables
- broccoli
- kale
- mustard greens
fish with bones (canned)
- sardines
- salmon
legumes
tofu
CALCIUM - RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE - ANS - *Ages 9 thru 13 yrs*
1300 mg/day
*Age 19 thru 50 yrs*
1000 mg/day
*Age 50 + yrs*
1200 mg/day
, CARBOHYDRATE - AMDR - ANS - 45% - 65% of kcal intake
CARBOHYDRATE - ENERGY - ANS - 4 kcal/g
CARBOHYDRATE - SOURCE - ANS - glucose
CARBOXYPEPTIDASE - ANS - breaks polypeptides and dipeptides into amino acids
CARIOGENIC FOODS - ANS - foods that promote tooth decay and dental caries (cavities)
CARIOGENIC FOODS - EXAMPLES - ANS - *Highly Fermentable Carbohydrates*
bread
crackers
pre-sweetened cereal
candy
*Sticky Food*
dried fruits
fruit snacks
cookies
*Beverages Consumed Between Meals*
soda
milk
juice
CATABOLISM - ANS - the breakdown of absorbed and stored nutrients into small particles
causes the release of energy as heat and chemical energy
*example*
the breakdown of glucose to provide energy
CCK (CHOLECYSTOKININ) - ANS - initiates pancreatic exocrine secretions
inhibits gastrin
activates the gallbladder to contract, which causes bile to be released into the duodenum
CHEMICAL DIGESTION - ANS - Process by which enzymes break down food into small
molecules that the body can use
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