Exam (elaborations)
PHARMACOLOGY WGU D116: QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONS
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PHARMACOLOGY WGU D116: QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONS
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PHARMACOLOGY WGU D116: QUESTIONS & SOLUTIONSIndependent prescriptive authority Right Ans - Provider is not subject to
supervision or collaboration with and MD or DO to prescribe.
Without Limitation prescriptive authority Right Ans - Provider is not
restricted from prescribing certain drugs, including controlled drugs, with
exception of schedule 1 drugs.
Pharmacokinetics Right Ans - The study of drug movement through the
body.
-includes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Pharmacodynamics Right Ans - study of the biochemical and physiologic
effects of drugs and and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are
produced. (what drugs do and how they do it)
-Drug-response relationships
-drug-receptor interactions
-interpatient variability
-therapeutic index
Agonists Right Ans - molecules that activate receptors
Antagonists Right Ans - produce effects by preventing receptor activation
partial agonist Right Ans - have only moderate intrinsic activity
Cholinergic Drugs Right Ans - -Agents that influence the activity of
cholinergic receptors
-Most mimic or block the actions of acetylcholine
Cholinergic inhibitors Right Ans - -Reversible: Pyridostigmine,
neostigmine, physostigmine, edrophonium, Alzheimer's disease drugs.
-Irreversible: Echothiophate (glaucoma treatment)
-Mech of action: increase the amount of acetylcholine available to activate
receptors, thus enhancing cholinergic action.
Pyridostigmine, neostigmine Right Ans - Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis
, Memantine Right Ans - -For moderate to severe symptoms
-may interact with sodium bicarbonate
-this drug is prescribed to improve thinking and function in patients with
Alzheimer disease. It does not work on everyone.
-dizziness may occur and, if it does, sit or lie down until it passes. It may help
to move slowly when changing to a standing position because sudden
movement may increase dizziness.
-notify you if they have changes in vision, develop a rash, or have chest pain or
other new symptoms.
donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine Right Ans - -Cholinesterase inhibitors
prescribed to improve thinking and function in patients with Alzheimer
disease. It does not work on everyone.
-lightheadedness may occur and that this increases the risk for falls. If these
symptoms occur, sit or lie down until it passes. It may help to move slowly
when changing to a standing position because sudden movement may
increase dizziness.
-Encourage patient and family to insure adequate intake with supplemental
meals and snacks to maintain optimal weight.
-Have the patient keep a list of new symptoms and problems so that these can
be discussed at each patient encounter.
-potential drug interactions: anticholinergic agents, first-generation
antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, conventional antipsychotics can
reduce therapeutic effects and should be avoided.
Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet) pt education Right Ans - -benefits of
levodopa may be delayed for weeks to months. This knowledge will facilitate
adherence.
-Forewarn patients about possible abrupt loss of therapeutic effects during off
times and instruct them to notify you if this occurs. Avoiding high-protein
meals may help.
-nausea and vomiting can be reduced by taking levodopa with low-fat, low-
protein foods
-Instruct patients to notify you if nausea and vomiting persist or become
severe.
-Counsel patients about possible levodopa-induced movement disorders
(tremor, dystonic movements, twitching) and instruct them to make an
appointment for follow-up if these develop.
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