miami university actual exam 2 acc 221 acc 221 exa
miami university actual exam 2
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MIAMI UNIVERSITY ACTUAL EXAM 2 ACC 221 ACC 221
EXAM 2 ACC 221 REAL EXAM 2 LATEST ( A NEW
UPDATED VERSION ) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS) | ALREADY GRADED A+ (MIAMI
UNIVERSITY)
Eukaryote - ANSWER: Have a nucleus that is compartmentalized.
Includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Prokaryote - ANSWER: No membrane to hold things together. DNA is free floating.
Includes bacteria, rickettsiae, and cyanobacteria
Common Characteristics between prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - ANSWER: Cell
Membrane, ribosomes, flagella, cell walls, cytoplasm, and cytoskeletons
Spores - ANSWER: Dormant version of fungi. Fungi make spores when unfavorable
conditions arise.
Flagella - ANSWER: Tail like ways of locomotion. Whipping motion
Pili - ANSWER: Used for attachment and colonization. Mainly to combine with other
cells and exchange genetic material. NOT LOCOMOTION
Capsule - ANSWER: Layer of small proteins and sugars. Used for protection, prevents
against dehydration, invasion, and keeps nutrients inside the cell.
Cell Wall - ANSWER: Used to hold the cell together. Prevent the cell from bursting.
Can either be Gram positive or Gram Negative
Gram Positive Cells - ANSWER: Typically larger (About 25nm)
Gram Negative Cells - ANSWER: Typically smaller (About 3nm)
How do bacterial cells reproduce? - ANSWER: Binary fission.
Asexually.
Cell population doubles every generation.
Growth is limited due to resources.
Lag Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANSWER: No change in cell number, but
intense metabolic activity is going on
Log Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANSWER: Exponential growth
, Stationary Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANSWER: Reproduction and death rates
reach equilibrium
Death Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANSWER: Death rates exceed reproduction
rates
Psychrophiles (Temp) - ANSWER: Live in -5 to 20 degrees celsius
Mesophiles (Temp) - ANSWER: 12 to 45 degrees celsius.
Normal microbiota, pathogens, and spoilage bacteria
Thermophiles (Temp) - ANSWER: 42 to 68 degrees celsius
Hyperthermophiles (Temp) - ANSWER: 65 to >100 degrees celsius
Anaerobic Microbes - ANSWER: Require and oxygen free environment
Facultative Microbes - ANSWER: Grow with or without oxygen
Microaerophilic Microbes - ANSWER: prefer little oxygen
Bacterial Growth Media - ANSWER: Nutrient Broth
Nutrient Agar - ANSWER: Nutrient Broth + agar
Enriched Media - ANSWER: 1. Blood agar - nutrient agar plus blood
2. Chocolate Agar - Heated blood agar that releases hemoglobin.
Selective Media - ANSWER: Contains ingredients which inhibit some microbes grown
while promoting others
Differential Media - ANSWER: Has ingredients which allow differentiation of various
colonies
Three bacteria shapes - ANSWER: Rods, spheres, and spirals
Virus Replication Process - ANSWER: 1. Attachment - Specific binding of virus to
receptors on cell
2. Penetration - Enveloped virus fuses to cell membrane, non-enveloped virus may
be phagocytosed.
3. Uncoating - Enzymes strip away capsid and viruses are released in cell
4. Synthesis - Replication under the control of viral genes
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