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Clinical Microbiology C453 WGU – Questions/Solutions
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Clinical Microbiology C453 WGU – Questions/Solutions
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Clinical Microbiology C453 WGU – Questions/SolutionsProcaryotes Right Ans - No nucleus
Eucaryotes Right Ans - organisms whose cells have a true nucleus
Bacteria Right Ans - (microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical
or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by
fission
coccus (cocci) Right Ans - spherical
Bacilli (bacillus) Right Ans - rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis)
divide in only one plane, but they can produce cells connected end-to-end
(like train cars)
Vibrio Right Ans - curved rod (cholera)
spirilla (spirillum) Right Ans - spiral shaped bacteria
Spirochetes Right Ans - have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to
appendages called
surface-to-volume ratio Right Ans - The large ratio means that no internal
part of the cell is very far from the surface and that nutrients can easily and
quickly reach all parts of the cell.
pleomorphism Right Ans - Variation in cell shape and size within a single
species
three compliment pathways Right Ans - The complement system is a part
of the immune system, consists of a series of proteins that interact with one
another in a highly regulated manner, in order to eliminate pathogens. It helps
antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens and damaged cells;
promote inflammation and attack pathogen's plasma membrane. Proteins that
take part in the complement system are called complements that collectively
work as a biological cascade; the sequence of reactions, each being the catalyst
for the next.
,binary fission steps Right Ans - 1. Cell elongates and DNA is replicated
2. Cell wall and plasma membrane begin to constrict
3. Cross-wall forms, completely separating the two DNA copies
4. Cells separate
diplo Right Ans - two
strepto Right Ans - chains
tetrads Right Ans - 4 cocci in a square
sarcinae Right Ans - a cube like packet of eight spherical bacteria (sarcina
is Latin for bundle)
staphylo Right Ans - grape-like clusters
peptidoglycan Right Ans - The cell wall is made of this substance
Gram-negative bacteria Right Ans - type of bacteria that stain red with
Gram stain and have a thin cell wall with an outer membrane (but very
complex)
Gram-positive bacteria Right Ans - Bacteria that have a thick peptido
glycan cell wall, and no outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in
Gram stain.
Viruses Right Ans - Viruses can only reproduce inside host cells, and they
damage the cell when they do this
VIRUSES GET INTO CELL
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Right Ans - molecule composed of lipid A and
polysaccharide found in the external membrane of Gram-negative cell walls
Endotoxins Right Ans - A toxic component of the outer membrane of
certain gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die.
periplasmic space Right Ans - The space between the inner and outer cell
membranes in Gram-negative bactera. The peptidoglycan cell wall is found in
, the periplasmic space, and this space sometimes contains enzymes to degrade
antibiotics.
acid fast bacteria Right Ans - Retain the primary stain even when treated
with acid alcohol. Cell walls contain mycolic acid. Includes Mycobacterium and
Nocardia species which include human pathogens as M. tuberculosis and M.
Leprae.
Mycobacterium Right Ans - tuberculosis and leprosy (acid fast)
protoplasts Right Ans - gram + cell with peptidoglycan wall removed
B lymphocytes Right Ans - form in the bone marrow and release antibodies
that fight bacterial infections
Gram + bacteria Right Ans - lack both an outer membrane and a
periplasmic space
spheroplasts Right Ans - gram negative bacteria with missing cell wall
Penicillin Right Ans - blocks the final stages of peptidoglycan synthesis. If
penicillin is present when bacterial cells are dividing, the cells cannot form
complete walls, and they die.
lysozyme Right Ans - an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that
destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria
Mycoplasma Right Ans - no cell wall, pleomorphic
L-forms Right Ans - prokaryotic cells that lack a cell wall
swell into irregular shapes
Crohn's disease Right Ans - When treatment is discontinued, the L-forms
can revert to walled forms & regrow an infecting population.
ex. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis - Crohn's disease, a chronic disorder of
the intestine.
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