UCI Bio 93 FINAL EXAM (2024/2025) QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETALED ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED A+ || RECENT UPDATE!!
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UCI Bio 93
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UCI Bio 93
UCI Bio 93 FINAL EXAM
(2024/2025) QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETALED ANSWERS ||
ALREADY GRADED A+ || RECENT
UPDATE!!
1. What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER Alleles coding for the same
trait separate independently during gamete formation.
2. What is non-disjunction? - ...
UCI Bio 93 FINAL EXAM
(2024/2025) QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETALED ANSWERS ||
ALREADY GRADED A+ || RECENT
UPDATE!!
1. What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER ✔ Alleles coding for the same
trait separate independently during gamete formation.
2. What is non-disjunction? - ANSWER ✔ When homologous chromosomes
or sister chromatids do not separate properly.
3. What is a character? - ANSWER ✔ An observable heritable feature that may
vary among individuals. Ex: flower color.
4. What is a trait? - ANSWER ✔ One of two or more detectable variants in a
genetic character. Ex: purple flower color/white flower color.
5. What does the blending theory state? Is this true? - ANSWER ✔ The
offspring is a blend of both parents (ex: a tall mom giraffe + a short dad
giraffe = a medium height giraffe). This is not true because if so, every
single offspring would look the same.
,6. What does particulate inheritance state? Is this true? - ANSWER ✔
Different traits are inherited in separate distinct units (genes) (ex: F1 and F2
generations). This is always true because of not every offspring looks the
exact same (has the exact same genetics).
7. What is an allele? - ANSWER ✔ An alternate form of a gene (ex: the gene
that determines hair color).
8. What does the Law of Segregation state? - ANSWER ✔ The Law of
Segregation states that two alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes.
(this deals with separation of homologous pairs in Meiosis 1 producing
haploid daughter cells after Meiosis 1).
9. What does Independent Assortment state? - ANSWER ✔ Each pair of
alleles assort/segregate separately from each other during gamete formation.
AKA no gene linkage.
10.What did Mendelian Genetics assume? - ANSWER ✔ Gregor Mendel,
through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of
inheritance. He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct
units, one from each parent. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental
genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.
11.What is a dominant allele? - ANSWER ✔ An allele that is fully expressed in
the phenotype of the heterozygote.
12.What is a recessive allele? - ANSWER ✔ An allele whose phenotypic effect
is not observed in the heterozygote.
,13.What is a test cross? - ANSWER ✔ A method of determining the genotype
of an individual with a dominant phenotype. We cannot know the genotype
of an organism if they express the dominant trait because they can be either
homozygous dominant or heterozygous. Process: cross the individual with
an unknown genotype to a homozygous recessive individual and observe the
phenotype of the progeny.
14.What is incomplete dominance? - ANSWER ✔ When one trait is not
completely dominant over the other. Ex: crossing red and white flowers
leads to pink flowers when heterozygous instead of the red allele completely
dominating over the white allele.
15.What is co-dominance? - ANSWER ✔ When two alleles affect the
phenotype in distinguishable ways. Ex: blood type -- Ia and Ib are both
dominant over i. Therefore, Ia and Ib are co-dominant to i.
16.Reception - ANSWER ✔ Signaling molecule (ligand) binds to a receptor on
the cellular membrane
17.Transduction - ANSWER ✔ Peripheral proteins amplify the signal from the
ligand.
18.Response - ANSWER ✔ The signal is received and activation of cellular
response occurs.
19.G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) - ANSWER ✔ Ligands include
hormones and neurotransmitters, which are important for sensory
information. Uses GDP.
, 20.Tyrosine Kinase Receptors (TKR) - ANSWER ✔ Ligands are generally
growth factors and can activate multiple cellular responses. Uses ATP.
21.Ligand Gated Ion Channels - ANSWER ✔ Ligands are neurotransmitters.
allows Na+ and Ca+ ions to flow in and out of the cell. Crucial for
communication in nerve cells and some are present in the membrane of ER.
22.Hormone receptor complex - ANSWER ✔ Acts as a transcription factor.
23.Character - ANSWER ✔ An observable heritable feature
24.Trait - ANSWER ✔ Any detectable variation in a genetic character.
25.2^x - ANSWER ✔ Formula to find the number of unique gametes that could
be produced through independent assortment from a genotype, where x is
the number of heterozygous genes.
26.Multiplication Rule - ANSWER ✔ When trying to calculate the probability
of a single genetic event. Between different punnet squares.
27.Addition Rule - ANSWER ✔ When trying to calculate probability of more
than one mutually exclusive genetic event. Within one punnet square.
28.Incomplete Dominace - ANSWER ✔ The two dominate traits mix to form a
new phenotype. Such as a pink flower or the inability to make LDL
receptors
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