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PSYCHOLOGY AROUND US CHAPTER 2 + APPENDIX B QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY AROUND US CHAPTER 2 + APPENDIX B QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY AROUND US CHAPTER 2 +APPENDIX B QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Deductive reasoning ANS - Broad basic principles applied to specific situations
Deductive reasoning is subject to ANS - bias
bias ANS - distorted belief
Scientific principles ANS - certain natural laws, are discoverable and testable
empirical ANS - can be tested in objective ways
objective ANS - not influenced
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning ANS - blend of deductive and inductive; create hypothesis and design
small controlled observations
step 1 in scientific process ANS - Notice something of interest/make observations
step 2 in scientific process ANS - Develop hypothesis (if/then)
step 3 in scientific process ANS - Test hypothesis ( design ethical study, collect data)
step 4 in scientific process ANS - analyze data and interpret findings
step 5 in scientific process ANS - do the findings support/refute theory?
step 6 in scientific process ANS - test again (new hypothesis or replication w/ variation)
, step 7 in scientific process ANS - publication
eugenics ANS - selective breeding
hypothesis ANS - one thing results in another thing, how two variables are related, and the direction on
the relationship
variable ANS - characteristic that can take on more than one value in a set (not the same for everyone)
constant ANS - the same for everyone
independent variable (IV) ANS - cause, changes another variable
dependent variable (DV) ANS - effect, influenced by another variable
operational definition ANS - definition of concept that clearly specifies how the concept was measured
or manipulated
experimental research ANS - IV manipulated, DV measured, cause and effect relationships
correlational/non-experimental research ANS - IV observed, DV measured, association between
variables, predict relationships
Experiment ANS - one variable is manipulated under controlled conditions, DV is observed and
measured
ways to collect data ANS - self-report measures (questionnaires, interviews), observational measures,
physiological measures (heart rate, skin response).
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