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APUSH Final Unit NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | GRADED A+
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APUSH Final: Unit 1: 1492-1754Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cjaifl
1. Natives before Prior to the arrival of the first Europeans in North America,
the arrival of Native Americans lived in scattered settlements. Tribes
Columbus (living were nomadic and followed food sources or weather
patterns) (Chap- patterns, while others were more permanent. Prominent
ter 1, p. 40, 44-45) crops included maize (corn), squash, and beans that were
supplemented by farming, hunting, and fishing. There was
no livestock, so farming was limited because they were
unable to plow fields or use natural fertilizer. Wheeled
vehicles were nonexistent because of the lack of domestic
animals like oxen and horses. No metal tools or machines
or gunpowder. Indians had large canoes and rafts, which
were unable to safely cross open waters like the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans. Natives did not view land as an eco-
nomic commodity that could be turned into a profit.
2. Columbian Ex- By the late fifteenth century, improvements in naviga-
change (Chapter tion technology made it possible for Europeans to go on
1, p. 32) ocean voyages. European explorers searched for all-water
trade routes that would bring exotic goods to Europe. The
Columbian Exchange resulted in an increase in global
trade, with a wider variety of goods available on both
sides of the Atlantic. New food sources spurred population
growth in Europe, while new diseases wiped out native
populations in the Americas.
3. Motivations for By the 1490s, Europeans were curious about the New
European Explo- World. Warfare and famine undermined the agricultural
ration (Chapter 1, feudal estate in Europe. Middle classes of shopkeepers
p. 44-45) and trades developed and they were taxed. Technology im-
proved shipbuilding and maps. Rivalries of Protestant Re-
formation shaped immigration in America. English goals
were 1) Provide raw materials like timber, tobacco, fur for
industries in America like shipbuilding, ect. 2) Develop a
market for English manufactured goods.
4. Differences be- English colonization: England's colonization of North
tween Spanish, America differed from that of its European rivals. While
French and Eng- chartered by the Crown, English colonization was funded
lish patterns by joint-stock companies, groups of investors eager for
1/5
, APUSH Final: Unit 1: 1492-1754
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cjaifl
of colonization profits. Colonial governments reflected the English model
(Chapter 1, p. 40, of a two-house Parliament and civil liberties. The colo-
44-45) nization of the Eastern Seaboard occurred at a time of
religious and political turmoil in England, strongly affecting
colonial culture and development.
5. Spanish Colo- Colonial expansion under the crown of Castile was ini-
nization (Chapter tiated by the Spanish conquistadors through its admin-
0, p.) istrators and missionaries. The motivations for colonial
expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith
through indigenous conversions. The encomienda was a
Spanish labour system that rewarded conquerors with the
labor of conquered non-Christian peoples. The laborers,
in theory, were provided with benefits including military
protection and education.
6. French Coloniza- : French colonized North America to create trading posts
tion (Chapter 0, for the fur trade. Some French missionaries came to con-
p.) vert Native Americans to Catholicism. Unlike the Spanish
and English, the French created few permanent settle-
ments.
7. Joint Stock Com- For groups to begin colonies, investors would buy shares
panies and fi- in joint stock companies. Large amounts of cash were
nancial invest- raised and if a colony failed, no single investor suffered
ment of colonies the loss. If the colony succeeded, you would get profits per
(Chapter 1, p. 51) share. THIS WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT INNOVATION
OF THE AGE OF EXPLORATION.
8. Differences be- New England colonies: Distance and Britain's initially lax
tween southern, attention led to the colonies creating self-governing insti-
middle and New tutions that were unusually democratic for the era. The
England colonies New England colonies based power in participatory town
(Chapter 00, p. meetings, which in turn elected members to their colo-
000) nial legislatures; in the southern colonies, elite planters
exercised local authority and also dominated the elected
assemblies. The New England colonies, initially settled
by Puritans, developed around small towns with family
farms and achieved a thriving mixed economy of agricul-
ture and commerce. Southern colonies: The Chesapeake
2/5
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