NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2 Review
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Course
WGU D016
Institution
WGU D016
NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2 Review
Cryptorchidism Complications - ANS Fibrotic tubules with deficiency in spermatogenesis, infertility.
Amenorrhea - ANS Absence of menstruation
Amenorrhea Causes - ANS Hormonal disturbances
Stress
Neoplasms (ov...
Complications of Dialysis - ANS Cardiovascular disease
Hypervolemia
Depression
Prostatitis - ANS Inflammation of the prostate.
Most common association is E. coli.
Prostatitis S/S - ANS Fever
Chills
Tender prostate
Low back pain
Dysuria
Leukocytosis
Renal Calculus Cause - ANS Urine becomes supersaturated with specific solute that forms
crystals. Crystallization is enhanced when a person is dehydrated or has higher than normal
levels of solute in the urine from excessive secretion (calcium, uric acid).
Renal Calculus S/S - ANS Dull, localized flank pain Acute discomfort accompanied by nausea
and vomiting, diaphoresis (sweating), tachycardia, and tachypnea (abnormal, rapid breathing)
Renal colic (intermittent, sharp pain) develops as the stone moves to the ureteropelvic junction
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy S/S - ANS Urinary retention
Obstruction to flow
Decreased stream
Hesitancy; difficulty initiating a stream
, Interruption of the stream
Infection caused by retention
.Aldosterone - ANS "salt-retaining hormone". Steroid that promotes the retention of Na+ by the
kidneys. Na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and
pressur
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - ANS Promotes retention of water by kidneys and increases
blood pressure.
Chronic Renal Failure Risk Factors - ANS Diabetes
Hypertension
Recurrent pyelonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic kidney disease
Family history of CKD
Smoking
Age over 65 Ethnicity
Chronic Renal Failure Causes - ANS The outcome of the progressive and irrevocable loss of
nephrons. More than 75% of the total number of nephrons must be lost before clinical
manifestations appear.
.Cystitis Causes - ANS Inflammation of the bladder lining, may result from bacterial, fungal, or
parasitic infections; chemical irritants; foreign bodies (e.g., stones); or trauma. By far the most
common is bacterial infection.
Cystitis Pathogenesis - ANS E. coli adheres to bladder epithelium, colonizes, and invades host
cells.
Cystitis S/S - ANS Acute onset of frequency, urgency, and dysuria; pain may be present in the
suprapubic area. The urine may appear pink because of hematuria or cloudy as a result of the
infectious organism.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) - ANS Highly communicable STI that infects epithelial cells and
proliferates into pruritic, painful lesions. Leading cause of cervical cancer.
Oral Cancer - ANS Presents at the base of the mouth or border of the tongue.
Hiatal Hernia - ANS Defect in diaphragm allowing a portion of the stomach to pass through the
diaphragmatic opening into the thorax.
Causes of Hiatal Hernia - ANS Aging
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