NR442 / NR 442 Community Health
NR442 exam 1; solved 100%
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Community Health NR442 exam 1
NB: (a) is shows the answers don’t confuse the two
1) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the environment
and health?
a. Because of the large number of variables involved, the relationship between environment and
health cannot be researched.
b. Because the environment has such long-term effects on health, research findings are not yet
available.
c. Research shows that a healthy environment has limited impact on one's health.
d. Research shows that a healthy environment increases quality of life and years of healthy
living.
a. ANS: D
A healthy environment increases quality of life and years of healthy living. Accumulated evidence shows
that the environmental changes of the past few decades have profoundly influenced the status of public
health. Globally, environmental factors contribute to nearly 25% of all deaths and increase disease
burden (World Health Organization, 2006). The safety, beauty, and life-sustaining capacity of the
physical environment are unquestionably of global consequence.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 250
2) When using an environmental perspective, which of the following would be the most important
question for a nurse to ask when assessing potential health problems? a. "Can you tell me how
you have been feeling?"
b. "Can you tell me what you do at work?"
c. "What brings you here today?"
d. "What problems have you been having?"
a. ANS: B
Because 25% of worldwide preventable illnesses are caused by poor
environmental
quality, nurses need to ask critical questions about their clients' work
and home environments to help discern the contributions of specific hazards to their health. This
can be accomplished by an environmental health history. The other responses do not address a question
that would be addressed during an environmental health history.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 250
3) How does critical theory differ from other nursing theories such as the health belief model or
Orem's self-care deficit theory?
a. Critical theory can be used by professionals other than nurses.
b. Critical theory focuses on oppression and facilitates group action.
c. Critical theory is not directly related to health promotion.
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d. Critical theory confronts changing an individual's beliefs.
a. ANS: B
Critical theory is an approach that raises questions about oppressive situations, involves community
members in the definition and solution of problems, and facilitates group interventions. The other two
theories focus more on individual beliefs and choice of action.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 250
4) Which of the following statements best describe why environmental health is more challenging
than other variables related to an individual's health?
a. Environmental health affects susceptible individuals more than groups.
b. Environmental health demands that individuals be willing to change their beliefs.
c. Environmental health is dependent on social neighborhoods, as well as geography.
d. Environmental health requires social, economic, and political changes to improve. a. ANS: D
Intervening to improve environmental conditions requires basic social, economic, and political changes.
Aggregates must work together to create such change. The other responses do not address the multiple
dimensions that must be impacted in order to impact change within environmental health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 250
5) Which of the following nursing actions would be the most helpful to the community's long-term
health?
a. Careful assessment, diagnosis, planning, and giving care to individual patients and their
families
b. Dialogue with community members concerning what health issues are of importance in that
community
c. Focusing on family health through school-based neighborhood clinics
d. Helping the community create political change through organization, use of media, legislative
lobbying, and mass demonstrations
a. ANS: D
The ultimate goal is liberating people from health-damaging environmental conditions by using
collective actions. Mechanisms have included strategic organization, litigation, public hearing testimony,
letter-writing campaigns, legislative lobbying, and mass demonstrations. Helping the community create
political change through organization, use of media, legislative lobbying, and mass demonstrations
shows how collective action can be applied. The other interventions do not demonstrate the use of
collective action.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 251
6) Which of the following best explains why it is difficult to get others interested in environmental
health?
a. Environmental problems just are not interesting or dramatic.
b. It's difficult to get media interested.
c. People respond more to an acute crisis than chronic environmental problems.
d. People respond more to an individual asking for help than a community asking for help.
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a. ANS: C
People respond to acute crises with dramatic media coverage (such as hurricanes or earthquakes), but
ongoing consistent pressure is needed to ensure day-to-day environmental integrity. Chronic
environmental problems are rarely addressed effectively.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: pp. 251-252
7) What would be an appropriate term for intoxicated drivers, secondhand smoke, urban
crowding, noise, and mechanization? a. Risks of living style
b. Risks in the built environment
c. Personal health risks
d. Modern day health risks
a. ANS: B
The built environment is the connection between people, communities, and their surrounding
environments that affect health habits and behaviors, interpersonal relationships, cultural values, and
customs. Most people live within areas that require almost daily contact with potential health risks and
threats, such as intoxicated or impaired drivers, secondhand smoke, urban crowding, noise exposure,
unabated traffic, and the stress of increased mechanization.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 253 8) What is meant
by discriminatory land use?
a. Backlash against companies that do not protect the environment
b. Daily insults to people who live in a particular community
c. Locating industrial hazards in low-income communities
d. Political recognition that companies support a safe environment
a. ANS: C
Discriminatory land use ensures that many impoverished and marginalized groups, especially people of
color, live in close proximity to industrial contamination. Members of these communities are at risk for
illness and injury. The other responses do not correctly define discriminatory land use.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 253
9) It has been learned that a particular industry has vastly polluted the surrounding neighborhood.
Which of the following actions would most likely be taken by those living in the neighborhood? a. Band
together to shut the industry down
b. Nothing, because of family ties and cost of relocation
c. Immediately move to a different neighborhood
d. Seek legal reimbursement for the hazard exposure
a. ANS: B
Residents may be unwilling to disrupt family ties and cultural roots to start over elsewhere, or they may
be unable to afford to move. Residents are revictimized by the difficulty in obtaining compensation.
Attempting to shut the industry down, seeking reimbursement for the hazard exposure, and
immediately moving to a different neighborhood are all costly interventions and in most cases cannot be
easily accomplished by most residents.
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