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WAN Technologies Comprehensive Study Exam Questions And Answers.
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1. WAN - correct answer A wide area network, or WAN, is a network that covers a large geographical area. It may connect multiple smaller networks over metropolitan, regional, and even national boundaries. In a WAN, several switching and transmission technologies are used to transmit data betw...

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  • November 17, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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WAN Technologies

1. WAN - correct answer A wide area network, or WAN, is a network that covers a large geographical
area. It may connect multiple smaller networks over metropolitan, regional, and even national
boundaries.

In a WAN, several switching and transmission technologies are used to transmit data between different
network segments.



2. Name 5 main switching technologies that can be used on WAN. - correct answer (1) Circuit
Switching

(2) Packet Switching

(3) Virtual Circuit Switching

(4) Cell Switching

(5) MPLS



3. Circuit Switching - correct answer In circuit switching, one end point creates a single path
connection to another. This is a widely used switching technology.

An example of a circuit-switching network is the public switched telephone network, or PSTN.

In circuit switching, the word "circuit" refers to the connection path between endpoints.

Once a circuit is established, data is transmitted via that path while the circuit is active.

Bandwidth is dedicated to the connection until it's not needed anymore.

Once the circuit is terminated, bandwidth once again becomes available for use elsewhere on the
network. In different sessions, different paths may be used to route data between the same two
endpoints.



4. Packet Switching - correct answer In packet-switching networks, data to be transmitted is broken
into smaller units known as packets. Each packet takes the best route available at a given time, rather
than using a fixed circuit, or path, to the required destination.

Each data packet contains all of the routing and sequencing information required to transmit it from one
endpoint to another. Once all the packets constituting a message arrive at the required destination, the
data they contain is reassembled.

, Packet switching allows for frequent changes in a network, adjusting the paths that data takes as
required to compensate for network congestion or broken links.

Frame Relay is an example of a packet-switching standard. It is effective for the on demand nature of
traffic which is typical of many networked applications.



5. Virtual Circuit Switching - correct answer Virtual circuit switching has characteristics of both packet
and circuit switching. It transfers packets via logical circuits, which don't have physical resources such as
frequencies or time slots allocated to them.

Frame relay is a packet switching technology which uses virtual circuits.

Logical paths are assigned to identities rather than physical locations, and can be either permanent or
switched.

Each of the packets carries a Virtual Circuit Identifier, or VCI, that is local to a link and updated by each
switch on the path, from the source to the destination of the packet.



6. There are 2 types of virtual circuits, what are they? - correct answer • Permanent virtual circuits -
or PVCs - which are always on, and

• Switched virtual circuits - or SVCs - which make single connections as needed



7. PVC - correct answer A PVC usually takes the form of a leased line, which a customer pays a fixed
monthly fee to use. The line is manually built and maintained by a telephone company.

A PVC provides a fast, reliable connection that remains fixed - so there's no need for customers to re-
establish a connection each time they require one.



8. SVC - correct answer SVCs are set up on a per-call basis. They provide more flexibility than PVCs,
enabling a single connection to one endpoint to be connected to multiple other endpoints, as needed.

When a network device attempts to connect to a WAN, an SVC is requested and the carrier establishes
the connection. Like in the case of long-distance phone calls, customers typically pay for using a
connection based on their connection time. This can be less expensive than paying a fixed monthly fee
to use a PVC.



9. Cell Switching - correct answer Cell-switching networks are similar to packet-switching networks
except that data is transmitted as fixed-length cells instead of as variable-length packets.

If there isn't enough data to fill up an entire cell, the rest of the space in the cell is filled with blank - or
filler - data.

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