Cornell notes going over World History AP Unit 1.1.
The notes are focused on China in Unit 1.1, especially the Song Dynasty. They have sections for linear notes, keywords and questions, and a summary. They are best used to review and deepen understanding of the Song Dynasty and its developments.
Bureaucracy: A system of government The Song Dynasty (960-1279) was the leading example of diversity and innovation in Afro-
where decisions are made and enforced Eurasia and the Americas due to the developments that occurred in China.
by state officials
It would replace the Tang in 960 and ruled with prosperity for more than three centuries
Meritocracy: A system by people being even though they lost control of northern lands.
selected to work in the government
based on ability The imperial bureaucracy was an organization of appointed officials that carried out the
empire’s policies and was created after the Qin. This would expand and help strengthen the
How did the meritocratic bureaucracy dynasty and become a cause of China’s strength.
help expand opportunities for the poor
yet also weakened the government? The emperor Song Taizu expanded educational opportunities to lower-class men to score
➔ The emperor expanded well on the civil service exams based on Confucian texts. SCoring well allowed them to have
educational opportunities to a highly desired job in the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy was known as a meritocracy as
lower-class men allowing officials obtained their positions by demonstrating merit.
them to score well, which
allowed them to get a job. This system allowed for more opportunities to the poor than any other hiring system,
➔ But too many jobs were since the poor were vastly underrepresented. Yet it contributed to the empire’s
created and increased weaknesses by creating excessive jobs with handsome pays which would increase government
government costs. costs.
How did trade increase in the Song The Tang Dynasty would promote agricultural development, improved roads and canals,
Dynasty in such a rapid manner? encouraged foreign trade, and spread trade successfully and would lead to rapid prosperity
➔ The Grand Canal helped, and population growth during the Song.
extending over 30,000 miles
allowing for transportation The Grand Canal was an inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation
and thus trade to happen. extending over 30,000 miles, helping the dynasty be a populous trading area in the world.
➔ The Tang Dynasty would also
encourage foreign trade Innovators in the Song Dynasty would make the first guns, with the technology of making
before the Song. them spreading to Eurasia via traders on the Silk Roads.
How did innovative methods of Innovative methods of agricultural production during the Song Dynasty were evident.
agricultural production help China’s Champa rice allowed rice to grow in lands where it couldn’t before, and to grow two crops
population to grow? per year. Farmers put manure on fields to enrich soil, built irrigation systems, and used
➔ Champa rice would allow for new heavy plows.
more rice to grow and to be
eaten, thus leading to an This would help produce an abundance of food leading to China’s population growing quickly,
abundance of rice. increasing from 25% of the world’s population to 40% in three centuries.
➔ Methods such as building
irrigation systems allowed China would discover coal in the 4th century BCE and enabled an increase of cast iron
for quantity to be produced production. And would learn to make steel by taking carbon out of cast iron, which was
efficiently. used for bridges, gates, ship anchors, religious items, and strengthening agricultural
equipment.
Proto-industrialization: Development
of rural industries to produce goods Proto-industrialization occurred, when people in rural areas made more than they could
for long-distance trade sell. It relied on home-based/community-based production using simple equipment, with
artisans producing steel and other products in factories supervised by the government.
Artisans: A worker in a skilled trade,
especially one who involves making They also made porcelain and silk, reaching consumers through trade networks, especially by
things by hand sea. It was highly desired because it was light-weight, strong, and light-colored which
meant it could be painted with elaborate designs.
How did developments in maritime
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