Define horseshoe kidney
Define polycystic kidney disease
What is the likelihood of being a carrier of adult polycystic kidney disease if one of your parents
has the disease? - answer✔- adult polycystic kidney disease is autosomal dominant and if you
inherit one disease allele you will have the disease (you cannot be a carrier of the disease)
- childhood polycystic kidney disease is autosomal recessive
What has happened to the normal renal parenchyma in response to the formation and growth
of the cysts (following adult polycystic kidney disease)? - answer✔- formation and growth of
cysts
- atrophy
- parenchymal cells of kidney die by apoptosis (and only cysts persist)
What are the differences between acute and chronic renal failure? - answer✔ACUTE (ARF)
- hours-days
- pre-renal
- renal
- post-renal
CHRONIC (CKD)
- weeks-months-years
What are common causes of chronic renal failure? - answer✔- hypertension
- diabetes
- heart disease
- obesity
- smoking
- age (> 60)
- aboriginal or torres strait islander origin
- family history of CKD
- personal history of ARF
What are the symptoms of chronic renal failure? - answer✔- azotaemia/uraemia (increased
urine)
- hypertension
- oedema
- acidosis
- hyperkalaemia (increased potassium)
- hyperphosphatemia (increased phosphate)
- anaemia
What is the role of the kidneys (RENAL PHYSIOLOGY)? - answer✔- form urine (or remove waste)
- regulate plasma ions
- regulate pH
- activate vitamin D, RAAS and EPO (endocrine function)
- regulate blood volume
- regulate blood pressure
- detoxify drugs/toxins (metabolism function)
What impact does chronic renal failure have on the rest of the body? - answer✔(1) excessive
activation of RAAS
- increased blood pressure
- hypertension
- atherosclerosis
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