DH244 Chapter 3 Theories of Disease
Progression, Epidemiology of Disease of the
Periodontium. Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Periodontal disease is characterized by periods of _________ ________ and _____________ -
answer✔disease activity, inactivity
True or False: in most cases untreated gingivitis does not progress to periodontitis -
answer✔True
True or False: Progression of PD appears to be extended periods of quiescence with short
episodes of disease activity - answer✔
True or False: Periodontitis may be either localized or generalized. The diseases progresses
continuously over time. - answer✔
True or False: Periodontal disease is always consistent with the amount of oral biofilm found int
the mouth, including the presence of subgingival calculus. Periodontitis can progress at a slow
rate with short bursts of disease progression. - answer✔
What is epidemiology ? - answer✔the study of the health and disease within the total
population (rather than the individual) and the behavioral, environmental, and genetic risk
factors that influence health and disease
3 objectives of epidemiological research - answer✔- to determine the amount and distribution
of disease in the total population and in subgroups
- to investigate the causes of a disease
- to apply this knowledge to the control and prevention of disease
Prevalence - answer✔the number of individuals or sites with disease present in given
population at a given time. may be evaluated cross sectionally
- computed by dividing the number of persons with the disease by the number of persons in the
population
Incidence - answer✔the rate of occurrence of a new disease in a population over a given period
of time
- computed by dividing the number of new cases of the disease by the number of persons at
risk in the population
- may be evaluated longitudinally
Indices - answer✔- many exist to evaluate certain characteristics
- only measure the effects of disease not activity
- arbitrary scales applied to describe clinical observations
- often revised when new understanding or more emphasis
(GI) Gingival Index - answer✔assesses severity of gingivitis based on color, consistency, and
bleeding upon probing
Difficulties in Measurement of PD's - answer✔- it is easier to evaluate a population for caries
than periodontal disease
- development and disease progression involves only the tooth structure
- periodontal disease involves only the tooth structure
- evaluation of periodontal disease is less specific
- multiple variables to consider: tissue color and swelling, loss of bone, degree of bleeding,
probing depths
Risk Factors - answer✔aspects of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or
inborn of inherited characteristics, which on the basis of epidemiological evidence are known to
be associated with disease; not necessarily the cause
- used to predict the occurrence of disease
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