Biochemistry Exam 4 Test Bank Verified Answers
1. It is recommended that women take folic acid supplements before and during the first trimester of pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus because:
(A) the synthesis of the cholesterol precursor HMGCoA requires folic ...
1. It is recommended that women take folic acid supplements before and during the first
trimester of pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus because:
(A) the synthesis of the cholesterol precursor HMGCoA requires folic acid.
(B) porphyrin and heme synthesis during development requires high concentrations of folic
acid.
(C) oxygen transfer from maternal to fetal hemoglobin is accentuated by folic acid.
(D) some of the enzymes in phospholipid biosynthesis use folate derivatives as substrates.
(E) folate derivatives are required for the synthesis of nucleotides. - Answers✓✓(E) folate
derivatives are required for the synthesis of nucleotides.
2. What two things could counter ketoacidosis in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes who visits
a hospital emergency room?
(A) insulin and no carbohydrates in the diet
(B) bicarbonate given intravenously and insulin
(C) glucagon and glucose given intravenously
(D) insulin and glucose given intravenously
(E) It is not possible to reverse ketoacidosis once the condition becomes severe. -
Answers✓✓(B) bicarbonate given intravenously and insulin
3. AMP can accumulate from prolonged, vigorous activity. What would be the result of
increased leptin concentrations in the liver and muscle as a response to high AMP?
(A) increased nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity
(B) increased protein kinase A activity, favoring glycolysis and glycogenolysis
(C) increased glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation via AMP-dependent kinase activation
(D) increased adenylate kinase activity and stimulation of glycogen synthesis
(E) stimulation of lactate fermentation and the glucose-alanine cycle - Answers✓✓(C) increased
glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation via AMP-dependent kinase activation
4. Oxytocin, insulin, and vasopressin are all proteins, and they all coordinately regulate
metabolic functions in several tissues. How else are they related, biochemically?
(A) They all increase glucose storage, but in different tissues
(B) They all act on different tissues but all signal through tyrosine kinase receptors.
(C) They are all released by the same endocrine tissue but bind to different receptors.
(D) They are all very small and contain internal disulfide linkages.
(E) They are all endocrine hormones that have similar signaling effects on target tissues. -
Answers✓✓(D) They are all very small and contain internal disulfide linkages.
5. Insulin promotes many metabolic effects in different tissues. Which statement is TRUE?
(A) In the liver, insulin promotes glycolysis, glycogenesis but decreases fatty acid synthesis.
(B) In the adipose tissue, insulin promotes glycolysis and glycogenesis.
(C) In the muscle, insulin promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
(D) In the liver, insulin promotes glycolysis and glycogenesis but increases fatty acid synthesis.
(E) In the adipose tissue, insulin inhibits glycolysis and glycogenesis - Answers✓✓(D) In the
liver, insulin promotes glycolysis and glycogenesis but increases fatty acid synthesis.
6. What metabolic advantage does brown fat provide over white fat?
(A) generation of heat, rather than ATP, which is a desired outcome
(B) faster generation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
(C) a higher level of β oxidation because brown fat cells contain more unsaturated fatty acids
with even numbers of carbons
(D) location within and near the liver, providing extremely rapid transport of fats during times
of physiological or metabolic stress.
(E) membrane receptors for more classes of hormones and other signaling molecules -
Answers✓✓(A) generation of heat, rather than ATP, which is a desired outcome
Insulin receptor activation stimulates the phosphorylation of each of the following proteins
except:
(A) insulin receptor.
(B) IRS-1.
(C) IRS-2.
(D) PDK1.
(E) Akt. - Answers✓✓(C) IRS-2.
Beta blockers are drugs that inhibit beta-adrenergic receptors and are used to control
tachycardia (high heart rate) and anxiety disorders by countering the effects of epinephrine.
Which of the following intracellular second messengers would be expected to decrease in a
patient treated with a beta blocker?
(A) cAMP
(B) DAG
(C) IP3
(D) Ca2+
(E) cGMP - Answers✓✓(A) cAMP
Where is the kinase catalytic domain of the receptor tyrosine kinases found?
(A) On the extracellular surface of the receptor, immediately adjacent to the ligand binding
domain
(B) On the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor
(C) On an independent protein that rapidly binds the receptor upon binding
(D) Within the transmembrane spanning portion of the receptor - Answers✓✓(B) On the
cytoplasmic domain of the receptor
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