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AP. US History-- chapter 14 notes
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chapter 14 notes from the ap us history book
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- Chapter 14: The Market Revolution and Rise of National Economy- Market Revolution
- Regional Specialization: Sections developing distinct economies
- North: Industrial Revolution
- West: Agriculture (wheat, livestock)
- South: Cash crops
- Technology and transportation improvements
- Population increase: High birth rate
- Immigration: Ireland, Germany, England, etc.
- Growth of cities (New York, Chicago)
- Western expansion: raises the issue of slavery
- Economic changes had impact on migration patterns, gender and family relations,
and class relations
- Immigration
- Spiked
- Lots of land
- Jobs in factories
- American freedom and opportunity
- Irish potato famine (mid 1840s)
- Irish Immigrants
- Oftentimes did hard labor for low wages
- Wanted to work in the cities to make enough money to then buy a pasture
of land
- Victims of prejudice
- Anger of native born Americans over stealing jobs
- Even free blacks
- Many were Catholic and victims of anti-Catholicism in a protestant nation
- Skeptical of popery
- The Irish drank a lot, found it disrespectful
- People that were discriminating were called “nativists”
- Important politically: support for democrats
- Tammany Hall in New York
- Established primarily in Northern cities North of the Mason Dixon Line
- Worked in unskilled labor jobs
- There is a bigger pool of people willing to work for low wages, so the wages go
down
- Sort of for slavery because if they were freed, they would be competing for the
low wage jobs with them
, - Angers Americans who also work for low wages (free blacks, etc…)
- Push Factors
- Irish Potato Famine
- Many were broke and starving, needed to come for opportunity
- Oppression by the English
- Pull Factors
- Economic opportunity
- Religious freedom
- Money allows them to get food
- Buy a pasture of land
- German Immigrants
- Germany was not a country yet; it was a combination of large city-states
- Extremely diverse group
- Germany not a nation at the time
- Mix of religions
- Variety of social classes and occupations
- Largely settled in the old northwest
- Huge population in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania
- Settled German communities
- Brought a variety of things
- Conestoga Wagon
- Beer
- Kindergarten
- Germans also drink a lot of beer, and nativists didn’t like them and this was one
of the reasons
- Similar to the Irish
- Fiercely anti-slavery
- Lutherans and Protestants
- Germans were sort of socially high up
- Push Factors
- Caused a little revolution that failed, and many Germans fled the country
rather than facing an oppressive retaliation
- Germany was ruled by oppressive kings at the time and people
didn’t like it
- Pull Factors
- A lot of people were seeking not mo
- narchies
- Enjoyed the aspect of political and individual freedom
- America had a lot of land, and the Germans had money from selling land
in Germany, so they would buy land and do their own thing
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