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ap us history-- chapter 9 notes
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chapter 9 notes from the apush textbook
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Chapter 9: Independence- Since 1781, they were ran under the Articles of Confederation (written by Dickinson)
- As a result of the war, the United States gained the Ohio River Valley because George
Rogers Clark occupied it during the war (doubled the size of the land)
- Gave Spain a lot of land in central United States
- Treaty of Peace, 1783
- Said that America was now a separate independent country
- Had to be ratified by the country and the King and Parliament
- Had articles about land, war prisoners, fishing
- Discussed that the United States still owed Britain money
- Articles of Confederation Successes and Failures
Successes Failures
- Won and negotiated the Treaty of - Unicameral congress
Peace that ended the revolutionary war - No executive branch or court system
- Land Ordinance of 1785: Got states - No power to tax
to drop the western land claims and
- Could not regulate trade
established the Public Land Survey
Systems, #1 revenue for the government - 9 out of 13 votes to pass laws
early on, set aside land for public - All states regardless of size had one
schools vote
- Northwest Ordinance of 1787: - All 13 states must agree to amend an
Created the system by which territories Article
can be made and can be admitted as - Financial problems plagued the young
states (had to have 60,000 people and
nation
5,000 could vote), had to apply for
statehood by turning in a state - States could print their own money (13
Constitution, no slavery in the different currencies)
Northwest territory - Could not raise an army
- Could legally borrow money and
conduct foreign policy
- Effects of the War
- Women: Responsibility of raising their children democratically (republican
motherhood)
- African Americans: Northern states outlawed slavery during the war, Southern
states did not
, - Loyalists: Fled the states (to Canada or England), hurt the United States
economically because they lost a lot of educated and wealthy entrepreneurs
- Soldiers: Elevated in status
- Shay’s Rebellion (Massachusetts 1786-1787)
- Daniel Shays: A revolutionary war hero, received a sword from Marquis de
Lafayette for his efforts
- After the war, he bought land in Massachusetts and fell into debt, which meant he
was supposed to go to prison, but he and other farmers in debt felt like this was
not fair, and thought they couldn’t pay their debt if they were in jail
- Farmers like Shay rose up against western courthouses where foreclosures were
and they shut them down
- Creditors, or people who had money in the east, had to raise a militia to go against
Shay’s men
- He eventually tried to take a state armory, and almost succeeded until Shay fell ill
and the creditor’s militia struck
- Constitutional Convention (May 1787)
- The reconvening of the Annapolis Convention (talked about trade and commerce)
in Philadelphia
- John Adams was not there (he was in Europe trying to get them to “play fair” with
the United States)
- James Madison was there after studying government for years and preparing for
the convention
- George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and John Dickinson (who originally
wrote the Articles)
- George Washington and Benjamin Franklin supported James Madison
- George Washington was nominated to be president of the convention
- When the Virginia Plan was presented, people realized that they weren’t just there
to revise the articles- they instead wanted to create an entirely new government
- Franklin, Hamilton, Madison, and Washington all wanted this (key
figures)
- Eventually, the articles were tossed aside
- Rhode Island did not come
- Compromises of the Constitutional Convention
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