NUR 306 FINAL Question and answers
correctly solved
inflammation - correct answer ✔protective tissue response that involves the
destruction of damaged tissue and begins the process of repair
local manifestations of inflammation - correct answer ✔heat, redness,
swelling, pain, can be acute or chronic
_______ is the systemic response to infection - correct answer ✔sepsis
_____ are a manifestation of systemic inflammation - correct answer ✔chills
pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: interleukin-1 - correct answer ✔a potent
pro-inflammatory cytokine that, in vitro, is capable of inducing chondrocytes
and synovial cells to synthesize MMPs; also suppresses the synthesis of type
II collagen and proteoglycans, and inhibits the transforming growth factor-beta
stimulated chondrocyte stimulation leading to the degeneration of articular
cartilage
pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: MMPS (matrix metallo proteinases) - correct
answer ✔the primary enzymes responsible for the degradations of articular
cartilage
What is osteoarthritis? - correct answer ✔chronic condition characterized by
the breakdown of the joint's cartilage which causes the bones to rub against
each other, causing stiffness, pain and loss of movement in the joint; also
called degenerative joint disease
what is the most common type of arthritis? - correct answer ✔osteoarthritis
,what are the primary causes of OA? - correct answer ✔- aging
- genetic changes
- obesity
- smoking
manifestations of OA - correct answer ✔- deep, aching joint pain particularly
after exercise or weight bearing that is usually relieved by rest
- asymmetrical joint involvement
- stiffness in the morning and after exercise (relieved by rest)
- altered gait from contractures
labs for OA: ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - correct answer ✔-
reveals inflammatory activity in your body
- is NOT a stand alone diagnostic tool
- blood in tube is observed as it gradually settles to the bottom; infection will
alter proteins in the blood, thus making the RBCs clump together and
sediment faster
- the distance that RBCs fall in one hour indirectly measures the level of
inflammation
labs for OA: CRP (C-Reactive Protein) - correct answer ✔- protein found in
the plasma that is produced by the liver
- will increase when an inflammatory process is occurring within the body
nursing interventions for OA: pain control - correct answer ✔- tylenol (DOC)
- aspercreme
- NSAIDS
,- check CBC, kidney and liver functions
nursing interventions for OA: non-pharmacologic - correct answer ✔- rest
- positioning
- thermal modalities
- weight control
- TENS (e-stem)
- heat (lowers muscle tension & pain) x 15-20 mins
- cold (numbs nerve endings and decreases inflammation)
- stem cell therapy
What steroid is most commonly used to treat osteoarthritis? - correct answer
✔prednisone, but steroids are not indicated for OA, so we would use tylenol &
aspercreme + other non- pharmacological measures FIRST
gouty arthritis (gout) - correct answer ✔inflammatory arthritis caused by
monosodium urate monohydrate crystal deposits; classified as primary or
secondary
primary gout - correct answer ✔- high uric acid levels
- decreased renal excretion of uric acid
- genetic defect in purine metabolism (hyperuricemia)
- heredity factors
- over-secretion of uric acid
secondary gout associate with drugs - correct answer ✔thiazide diuretics
and cyclosporine
, secondary gout caused by other diseases - correct answer ✔- diabetes
mellitus
- HTN
What does the client need to know about how gout manifests? - correct
answer ✔uric acid crystals collect in the joint of the great toe and cause
inflammation; the kidney excretes uric acid, an end product if metabolism
pathophysiology of gout - correct answer ✔uric acid crystalizes in the blood
or body fluids and the precipitate accumulates in the connective tissue;
crystals trigger an immune response; neutrophils secrete lysosomes for
phagocytosis, damaging tissues and exacerbating the immune response
preferred diet for gout - correct answer ✔strict low purine diet - avoid red &
organ meats, shellfish and oily fish like sardines
treatment for gout - correct answer ✔- NSAIDS (motrin)
- allopurinol (Zyloprim - DOC)
- colchicine for immediate treatment in acute attack
Action of Allopurinol (Zyloprim) - correct answer ✔inhibits the production of
uric acid by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase thus lowering serum uric
acid levels
client education/nursing interventions for allopurinol (zyloprim) - correct
answer ✔- take with 8 oz of water to decrease incidence of kidney
dysfunction and urinary stones
- assess and monitor I/O, renal and liver function, and serum uric acid levels
regularly
correctly solved
inflammation - correct answer ✔protective tissue response that involves the
destruction of damaged tissue and begins the process of repair
local manifestations of inflammation - correct answer ✔heat, redness,
swelling, pain, can be acute or chronic
_______ is the systemic response to infection - correct answer ✔sepsis
_____ are a manifestation of systemic inflammation - correct answer ✔chills
pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: interleukin-1 - correct answer ✔a potent
pro-inflammatory cytokine that, in vitro, is capable of inducing chondrocytes
and synovial cells to synthesize MMPs; also suppresses the synthesis of type
II collagen and proteoglycans, and inhibits the transforming growth factor-beta
stimulated chondrocyte stimulation leading to the degeneration of articular
cartilage
pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: MMPS (matrix metallo proteinases) - correct
answer ✔the primary enzymes responsible for the degradations of articular
cartilage
What is osteoarthritis? - correct answer ✔chronic condition characterized by
the breakdown of the joint's cartilage which causes the bones to rub against
each other, causing stiffness, pain and loss of movement in the joint; also
called degenerative joint disease
what is the most common type of arthritis? - correct answer ✔osteoarthritis
,what are the primary causes of OA? - correct answer ✔- aging
- genetic changes
- obesity
- smoking
manifestations of OA - correct answer ✔- deep, aching joint pain particularly
after exercise or weight bearing that is usually relieved by rest
- asymmetrical joint involvement
- stiffness in the morning and after exercise (relieved by rest)
- altered gait from contractures
labs for OA: ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - correct answer ✔-
reveals inflammatory activity in your body
- is NOT a stand alone diagnostic tool
- blood in tube is observed as it gradually settles to the bottom; infection will
alter proteins in the blood, thus making the RBCs clump together and
sediment faster
- the distance that RBCs fall in one hour indirectly measures the level of
inflammation
labs for OA: CRP (C-Reactive Protein) - correct answer ✔- protein found in
the plasma that is produced by the liver
- will increase when an inflammatory process is occurring within the body
nursing interventions for OA: pain control - correct answer ✔- tylenol (DOC)
- aspercreme
- NSAIDS
,- check CBC, kidney and liver functions
nursing interventions for OA: non-pharmacologic - correct answer ✔- rest
- positioning
- thermal modalities
- weight control
- TENS (e-stem)
- heat (lowers muscle tension & pain) x 15-20 mins
- cold (numbs nerve endings and decreases inflammation)
- stem cell therapy
What steroid is most commonly used to treat osteoarthritis? - correct answer
✔prednisone, but steroids are not indicated for OA, so we would use tylenol &
aspercreme + other non- pharmacological measures FIRST
gouty arthritis (gout) - correct answer ✔inflammatory arthritis caused by
monosodium urate monohydrate crystal deposits; classified as primary or
secondary
primary gout - correct answer ✔- high uric acid levels
- decreased renal excretion of uric acid
- genetic defect in purine metabolism (hyperuricemia)
- heredity factors
- over-secretion of uric acid
secondary gout associate with drugs - correct answer ✔thiazide diuretics
and cyclosporine
, secondary gout caused by other diseases - correct answer ✔- diabetes
mellitus
- HTN
What does the client need to know about how gout manifests? - correct
answer ✔uric acid crystals collect in the joint of the great toe and cause
inflammation; the kidney excretes uric acid, an end product if metabolism
pathophysiology of gout - correct answer ✔uric acid crystalizes in the blood
or body fluids and the precipitate accumulates in the connective tissue;
crystals trigger an immune response; neutrophils secrete lysosomes for
phagocytosis, damaging tissues and exacerbating the immune response
preferred diet for gout - correct answer ✔strict low purine diet - avoid red &
organ meats, shellfish and oily fish like sardines
treatment for gout - correct answer ✔- NSAIDS (motrin)
- allopurinol (Zyloprim - DOC)
- colchicine for immediate treatment in acute attack
Action of Allopurinol (Zyloprim) - correct answer ✔inhibits the production of
uric acid by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase thus lowering serum uric
acid levels
client education/nursing interventions for allopurinol (zyloprim) - correct
answer ✔- take with 8 oz of water to decrease incidence of kidney
dysfunction and urinary stones
- assess and monitor I/O, renal and liver function, and serum uric acid levels
regularly
