Chapter 3 of Research Psychology addresses the critical role of morals and ethics in conducting psychological research. It discusses ethical guidelines established by organizations like the American Psychological Association (APA) to ensure the safety, dignity, and well-being of participants. Key t...
Weighing risks against benefits ( why was risk Scientists
worth the benefit)
Acting responsibility & w/ integrity Community
Seeking justice
Respecting people’s right & dignity
RISKS VS BENEFITS
RISKS
● Psychological distress - participants may feel as though they are not doing a great thing
● Physical harm - is there anything in your study where you can hurt someone?
● We are not going to eliminate risk, but we will minimize it
● Reputation - how will this affect you as a researcher
BENEFITS
● Directly from participation - like psychoeducation
● NOT COMPENSATION
● Benefit means what you directly get from your study
ACTING RESPONSIBILITY & W/ INTEGRITY
ALL ABOUT TRUST
● You are telling the truth about what they will go through
● You will protect their privacy & keep their data confidential
● Must report results truthfully
● You will respect their autonomy to make a decision regarding their participation
JUSTICE
, WHY DO WE NEED TO CONSIDER THIS?
● TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS STUDY
● NAZI EXPERIMENTS
● WAR CRIMES
● ANY research that does distribute risk & award equitably
RESPECT FOR RIGHTS & DIGNITY
● Respect for autonomy- people make their own choices free from coercion
● We do this by asking for their informed consent - they are told everything they would
reasonable want to know before agreeing to participate
LAW & POLICY
● Protection of Human subjects: OHRP - Office of Human Research Protections
● IRB - Institutional Review Board made up of:
○ Scientists
○ Non-scientists
○ Outside
○ Exempt
■ This is for research involving minimal risk to participants, such as
anonymous surveys or educational tests.
■ Even though it's called "exempt," it still undergoes a limited review by the
IRB, but it doesn't require full board approval
○ Expedited
■ This review is for studies involving minimal risk but may involve
procedures like blood draws or the use of existing data or specimens.
■ An expedited review is done by a smaller subset of the IRB (a single
reviewer or a few), rather than the entire board
○ Full-Board
■ This is for studies that pose more than minimal risk to participants, such as
clinical trials or research involving vulnerable populations (e.g., children,
prisoners).
■ These studies require review & discussion by the entire IRB at a convened
meeting.
APA ETHICS CODE
● Published in 1953 & revised several times, most recently in 2010
● Outlines about 150 specific ethical standards for psychologists
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