2 Viruses That Respond to Antiviral Therapy
Influenza A and some respiratory viruses
Herpes viruses
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes acquired-immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS)
Hepatitis B and C
Some viruses that cause warts and certain eye infections
3 Characteristics of Common Viruses
A virus cannot replicate on its own.
It must attach to and enter a host cell.
It then uses the host cell’s energy to synthesize protein, DNA, and RNA.
Viruses are difficult to kill because they live inside our cells.
Any drug that kills a virus may also kill our cells.
4 Stages of Virus Replication
5 Antivirals Across the Lifespan
6 Common Respiratory Viruses
Influenza A
Influenza B
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
7 Agents for Influenza A and Respiratory Viruses
Indications – Prevent shedding of the viral protein coat
Pharmacokinetics – Absorbed readily, excreted unchanged in the urine, metabolized in the
urine and liver, feces and cellular level. Excreted primarily via urine but also feces.
Contraindications – Allergy, renal impairment, pregnancy, or lactating
Adverse Effects– Dizziness, insomnia, nausea, orthostatic hypotension and urinary retention
Drug-Drug Interactions – Primarily Anticholinergic agents
8 Agents for Herpes and Cytomegalovirus
Indications – Inhibit viral DNA replication by competing with viral substrates to form shorter,
non-effective DNA chains
Pharmacokinetics – Readily absorbed in the kidney and GI tract, metabolized in the liver and
excreted primarily in the urine and feces
Contraindications – Known allergies to antiviral agents, highly toxic in pregnancy and
lactation and renal disease
Adverse Effects– Nausea, vomiting, headache, rash, and hair loss, paresthesias, neuropathy
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