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UMN PSY 1001 Midterm 4 Test Study Guide
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UMN PSY 1001 Midterm 4 TestStudy Guide
What is Dr. Simpon's definition of personality? - Answer distinctive and characteristic
pattern of thoughts, emotions and behavior that uniquely define a person
What is the Person-Situation debate? - Answer Which is more important for determining
what people do, the person or the situation?
Who is Walter Mischel? - Answer Caused 20+ years of research by stating that behavior
is controlled by situations
What is the nomothetic approach? - Answer investigating traits that everyone
has/shares to some degree; traits are compared across/among people
What is the ideographic approach? - Answer individualist approach, everyone has
unique constellation of special attributes
What are cardinal traits? - Answer traits around which a person organizes his or her life
What are central dispositions? - Answer Small set of traits that stand out in a person
What are secondary dispositions? - Answer less salient characteristics, more like habits
What are some different ways to measure personality? - Answer personality inventories
that contain scales with many items; scales measure specific concepts through series
of questions
What are some reasons personality assessment is done? - Answer clinical diagnosis,
counseling, hiring, finding a career/education path
What is a self-report measure? - Answer Direct, face-valid measure of personality
What are some examples of self report measures of personality? - Answer various
questionnaires
What are the limitations of self reporting? - Answer we don't know ourselves that well
and tend to view self in a more idealistic, positive way
What are projective tests? - Answer indirect measure that assess deeper, less
conscious aspects of personality
What are some examples of projective tests? - Answer Rorschach Inkblot Test
Thematic Apperception Test
What are limitations of projective tests? - Answer Questionable reliability and validity
,What is the lexical hypothesis? - Answer All meaningful individual differences are
encoded in language
If a factor is represented by many more words in one culture/language than another,
what inference can you make about that culture, given the Lexical Hypothesis? - Answer
If culture has many words for one subject, it implies that the subject is more important
and is dealt with more than other cultures.
What is meant by factor analysis? - Answer a statistical technique used to determine
how many concepts are measured by a set of questions
When is factor analysis useful? - Answer Useful when determining the variations among
variables (especially between observed and unobserved variables)
What is the Five Factor Model? - Answer Describes personality at the broadest (highest)
level
what behaviors are characteristic of high or low scores on extraversion? - Answer
social, talkative, assertive, friendly
silent, passive, reserved
what behaviors are characteristic of high or low scores on agreeableness? - Answer
sympathetic, kind, trusting, cooperative
suspicious, difficult, untrusting, aggressive
what behaviors are characteristic of high or low scores on conscientiousness? - Answer
organized, disciplined, dependable
careless, negligent, unreliable
what behaviors are characteristic of high or low scores on neuroticism? - Answer
anxious, moody, tense, vulnerable
relaxed, poised, emotionally stable
what behaviors are characteristic of high or low scores on openness to experience? -
Answer imaginative, curious, creative, unconventional
uninterested in aesthetics, inflexible, unimaginative
How are the Big 5 traits real, pervasive, universal, and heritable? - Answer stable
overtime
emerge repeatedly in different studies/situations
consistent in different demographic groups
due partially to differences in genotypes
, What does attachment theory say? - Answer humans have instinctive need to form and
maintain strong relationships
What are the three stages of separation distress? - Answer 1 Protest- persistent
attempts to re-establish contact
2 Despair- prolonged inactivity or helplessness
3 Detachment- withdrawal from/coolness toward parent/lover
What is proximity? - Answer physical nearness, a predictor of attraction
What is a safe haven? - Answer provides place to destress/refuge
What is a secure base? - Answer the attachment figure acts as a base of security from
which the child can explore the surrounding environment
Who is Harry Harlow? - Answer Studied effects of Rhesus monkeys when paired with a
false/inanimate "mother," found that monkeys preferred contact comfort reinforcement
over the inanimate monkey who had reinforcer of food
What is the strange situation test? - Answer series of separations and reunions between
parent and child; most notable difference is how child responds upon parents return
Which parenting style is associated with secure attachment? - Answer contingent
responsive care
Which parenting style is associated with avoidant attachment? - Answer rejecting care
Which parenting style is associated with anxious attachment? - Answer
inconsistent/unpredictable care
What kinds of behavior are typical of children with secure attachment? - Answer
accepts comfort upon mothers return, trusts other will provide love and support
What kinds of behavior are typical of children with anxious attachment? - Answer gets
angry when left and remains angry in presence of mother; fear needs will not be met
What kinds of behavior are typical of children with avoidant attachment? - Answer
ignores mother when returns to room; defensively detaches or withdrawals from others
What are the internal working models of the different kinds of attachment? - Answer
Secure: I can depend on others
Anxious: I might be able to depend on others
Avoidant: I cannot depend on others
When are working models activated? - Answer People are ill/in pain; the environment is
threatening; core attachment concerns become prominent
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