parenteral route - ANSWER medication administered directly into tissues to bypass GI
Intravenous route (IV) - ANSWER injection of a solution into the vein
fastest route
(25 degree injection angle)
Intramuscular route (IM) - ANSWER injection of drugs into a muscle
second fastest
(90 degree...
Intradermal route - ANSWER Injection of drugs within or between the layers of the skin
Longest absorption time
5-15 degree angle
25-28 gauge
bevel up when administering
forearm
Subcutaneous route - ANSWER Injection of drugs into the tissues between the skin and
muscle
90 degree angle in fatty tissues
25-28 gauge
Main drugs are; Heparin and Insulin
Subcutaneous routes - ANSWER fatty areas( abdomen, thigh, upper outer area of
arms)
Rotate injection sites
Hemoglobin Range - ANSWER 12-16 g/dL Women
13-18 g/dL Men
Hematocrit range - ANSWER 42%-52% (men)
37%-47% (women)
RBC range - ANSWER 4.5-5.5 million
, WBC range - ANSWER 5,000-10,000
Platelet - ANSWER 150,000-400,00
arterial blood gases - ANSWER
MRI contraindications - ANSWER metal implants, IV infusion pumps, mechanical
ventilators
what can increase BUN lab values - ANSWER Measuring blood urea nitrogen through
blood sample
Elevated BUN levels may indicate decreased renal glomerular function. BUN levels also
may be elevated as a result of a high-protein diet or with dehydration.
Patient care with urinary catheter - ANSWER Cleanse urethral meatus with soap and
water once or twice daily
Keep catheter bag below bladder level
Change catheter if debris or encrustation of the catheter is noted
Empty bag with two-thirds full.
at risk patients for urinary tract infections - ANSWER Elderly
Women
process and reason for irrigation on 3 way urinary indwelling catheter - ANSWER
Maintain patency of catheters
As a postoperative procedure for genitourinary surgeries
Decrease genitourinary complications (such as infections)
how to use bladder scanner to assess urinary retention - ANSWER An alternative to
bladder palpation, a bladder scan can be used to assess patients for postvoid residual
(PVR) volume, which shouldn't be higher than 100 mL.
patients at greatest risk for urinary retention - ANSWER Patients with hypertension and
arterisclerosis
Patients with UTIs
Post op patients
Maintaining Normal Voiding Habits - ANSWER Establish pattern of elimination
Bedpan and urinal
Bedside commode
Privacy
Toileting schedule
Fluid intake
dietary factors affecting defecation - ANSWER Diets with high fiber, adequate fluid
intake, fruit juices, movement
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