Indications for mechanical ventilation - answer✔hypoxia
apnea
respiratory muscle distress
acute resp failure (ARFs)
inability to breathe or protect the airway
negative pressure ventilation - answer✔use of chambers that encase the chest or body and
surround it with intermittent subatmospheric or negative pressure. it does not include the use
of artificial airway
positive pressure ventilation (PPV) - answer✔main method of ventilation used with acutely ill
patients.
Volume ventilation - answer✔A predetermined tidal volume (Vt) is delivered with each
inspiration
Vt is consistent from breath to breath but the airway pressures needed to deliver the Vt will
vary
pressure ventilation - answer✔peak inspiratory pressure is predetermined
Vt delivered varies based on pressure selected
monitor exhaled Vt to prevent hypoxemia and hypoventilation
adjustable ventilator settings - answer✔respiratory rate - # breaths per minute
tidal volume - volume of gas delivered per breath
O2 concentration (FiO2)
PEEP - positive end-expiratory pressure
pressure support
I/E ratio
inspiratory flow rate and time
sensitivity
PIP - peak inspiratory pressure
what is O2 concentration on mechanical vent - answer✔fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) delivered
set between 30% and 100%
you would never intubate and place on room air (21%)
what is PEEP - answer✔a vent setting that gives positive end expiratory pressure
positive pressure applied at the end of expiration of vent
apnea alarm causes - answer✔change in patient condition
increased WOB
loss of airway
over-sedation
respiratory distress
apnea alarm interventions - answer✔increase analgesia and sedation
change mode of ventilation
disconnect patient, attach BVM and call for help
high pressure alarm causes - answer✔increase in compliance (pulmonary edema, ARDS,
pneumonia, tension pneumo)
condensation in tubing
kink in tubing (can also be from patient biting tube)
increase in resistance (bronchospasm)
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