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Bioethics Study Guide Test 1 Questions and Answers Rated A+
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Bioethics Study Guide Test 1
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Bioethics Study Guide Test 1Philosophy - answer means the study of proper behavior, and the search for wisdom.
The original meaning of the word philosophy comes from the Greek roots philo-
meaning "love" and -Sophos, or "wisdom."
Metaphysics - answer the study of the nature of reality; metaphysics is a field of
philosophy that is generally focused on how reality and the universe began.
(beyond-reality / nature)
do aliens exist?
does God exist?
do we have souls?
Ethics (Moral Philosophy) - answer the principles of right and wrong that guide an
individual in making decisions; a system of moral principles; concerned with what is
good for individuals and society
Epistemology - answer study/theory of knowledge; the study of the nature and scope of
knowledge and justified belief. Or when we really know something?
What city are we in?
Normative VS Descriptive claims/statements - answerA NORMATIVE claim, prescribes
how people should or ought to act...Provides standards or norms (hence the term
"normative"); idealistic; has judgment of whether those actions are blameworthy
A DESCRIPTIVE claim, just describes states of affairs; how people actually act...No
judgment of whether those actions are blameworthy or praiseworthy also factual.
Logic - answercorrect reasoning and argumentation.
(the process of reasoning; rational thinking; a proper or reasonable way of thinking
about or understanding something).
Means/Ends Distinction - answerMeans: instruments/objects used to achieve something
else (the end)
-Instrumental (use) value
End: good in itself ("final end"), desired for its own sake
-Intrinsic value
, Relativism - answeris the belief that there's no absolute truth, only the truths that a
particular individual or culture happen to believe in about what's moral and immoral
Deontology - answer-ethical theory that revolves around the concept of duty.
-that an act that is not good morally can lead to something good, such as shooting the
intruder (killing is wrong) to protect your family (protecting them is right)
Categorical Imperative - answerAn ethical guideline developed by Immanuel Kant under
which an action is evaluated in terms of what would happen if everybody else in the
same situation, or category, acted the same way.
The categorical imperative is something that a person must do, no matter what the
circumstances.
from PPT:
"Act so that you can will the maxim of your action to become universal law of nature"
One cannot universalize lying!!!lying always harms humanity, even if it does not harm
the individual that is being lied to!!!lying is ALWAYS morally wrong
Practical Imperative - answerTreat others as ends in themselves, not as means to other
goals. This principle prohibits selfish manipulation of other people.
From PPT:
"Always treat humanity whether in the person of yourself or of another, as an end-in-
itself, never merely as a means." In lying to a person, I do not treat him/her as an end,
but rather as a means!
intrinisic VS instrument value - answerintrinisic value: something valued for its own
sake.
instrumental value: something valued for NOT is own sake. But helps us get something
we do value.
https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/wi-phi/wiphi-critical-thinking/wiphi-
fundamentals/v/intrinsic-extrinsic-value
strong paternalism - answeroverriding the consent of a competent person
weak paternalism - answeracting without the consent of the patient or overruling the
consent of an incompetent person
Principle of Autonomy - answer-right to make decisions about one's own life
-You shall not treat a patient without the informed consent of the patient or his or her
lawful surrogate, except in narrowly defined emergencies
(One person does not have authority over another person)
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