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HPRB 3700 EXAM STUDY SET WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
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HPRB 3700 EXAM STUDY SETWITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
individual health - Answer one-on-one (even if it's teaching a group at one time)
education based i.e. teach about importance of not having too much salt in the diet
community health - Answer = health status of a defined group of people & the
actions/conditions to promote, protect, & preserve their health
-access --> policies
-i.e sewage treatment, containing coal ash, soda tax, improved school lunches
-not just having these programs but making sure people know about them
-"opt out" vs "opt in"
factors that affect health of a community - Answer geography, built env, community size,
industrial development, beliefs, economy, politics, religion, social norms, SES, indv
behavior
public vs private: public - Answer = funded by the gov (tax $)
-ex: TB treatment
-international: every country involved pays $, US pays UN & UN distributes the $ i.e.
WHO - sponsors programs (eradication of smallpox), research agenda,
-national: HHS gets tax $ & distributes it to large national orgs (CDC, NIH, FDA), funded
by federal gov, to provide essential human services i.e. Medicaid
-state: funded primarily by CDC; distributes $ to local but does not provide services
(health department)
-local: funded by state + local community i.e. inspection of restaurants, public
transportation "whole school whole community whole child"
top-down funding - Answer funds are transmitted from federal or state government to
the local level
public vs private: private - Answer = not public "NGO" "voluntary" for specific health
need b/c of an unmet need by the gov
-can be for profit or non profit
-ex: UNICEF, doctors w/o borders, CHOA, campus kitchen
,-professional health org, philanthropic, religious/social
-goal: raise $ for their programs, research, provide edu to professionals...
quasi-gov agencies - Answer = operate like voluntary organizations but have some
official health responsibilities
-American Red Cross: funded by voluntary $ but has federal duties like providing relief
to victims of natural disasters & non federal duties like blood drive or CPR/first aid
services
prevention at the community level - Answer -i.e. hospice: caregiver respite just so they
can go get groceries, go on a hike, etc
-i.e. Medicaid: only insurance that covers long term care like nursing homes
-i.e. breast cancer: primary - make sure people have access to healthy foods (raise
wages), secondary - free mammograms, mobile clinic
epidemiology - Answer = study of distribution & determinants of health-related events in
specified populations
-goal: limit undesirable health events in a community
epidemic/pandemic - Answer -any unexpectedly large # of cases of an illness
-i.e. if a severe flu happens, community intervention would be to close UGA or voluntary
quarantine (beg you to stay in apartments)
-widespread --> pandemic
infant mortality vs neonatal mortality - Answer -infant mortality tells you more about the
community (i.e. maternal health is not that good)
-neonatal mortality is more individual b/c birth defects affect neonatal, it's more medical
than social env
attack rate - Answer (incidence of infection / # exposed) x 100
incidence vs prevalence - Answer -incidence: tells us if it's mild or fatal
-prevalence: tells us impact
crude vs adjusted - Answer better for seeing the health issues per age group, helps us
understand impact more & the problem itself i.e. why is it only happening to
adolescents?
YPLL vs DALY - Answer -YPLL: # years lost when death occurs before 65 or 75
-DALYs: measure burden of disease that takes into account the premature death & loss
of healthy life (QOL) resulting from disability (1 DALY = 1 lost year)
, experimental design - Answer = researchers manipulate an independent variable and
measure a dependent variable to determine a cause-and-effect relationship
-aim for this when you want to study a community
epi triangle - Answer host, agent, environment
chain of infection - Answer -break the chain at any link i.e. patient zero
-community: interruption has to be about access i.e. change processed foods
-pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry, infection in new host
communicable disease - Answer -spreadable from one person to another
-indirect transmission: airborne, vehicleborne (doorknob), or vectorborne
-prevention
-primary: chlorination of community water supply, restaurant inspection, proper
disposal of solid waste
-secondary: isolation, quarantine, disinfection
-tertiary: i.e. needle exchange programs
infectivity vs pathogenicity - Answer infectivity: ability of an agent to enter & grow in
host
pathogenicity: ability of agent to produce disease
non-communicable disease - Answer -cannot be spread, usually chronic (6+ months) &
multi-causation
-CVD: leading cause of death in US
-prevention: adequate food supply, good housing, health edu, mass screenings,
provision of adequate health personnel & facilities, adequate medical personnel i.e.
ambulances & hospitals
levels of prevention - Answer -primary: forestall during pre-pathogenesis period i.e.
health edu/vaccinations
-secondary: early diagnosis + treatment i.e. accessible screenings for whole community
-tertiary: retrain, reeducate, rehabilitate patient
assess needs/asset mapping - Answer -what's available & what's not?
-are there already services/solutions available?
-i.e. clinical: you can't prescribe a drug to someone who can't afford food to take the
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