Surgical Technology – Orthopedics Exam Study Guide Solutions

Surgical Technology – Orthopedics Exam Study Guide Solutions examples of long bones - ANSWER-• humerus • femur • phalanges examples of short bones - ANSWER-• carpals (wrist) • tarsals (ankle) • occur in clusters examples of flat bones - ANSWER-• ribs • scapula • sternum • cranial examples of irregular bones - ANSWER-• skull and face (found in the nasal sinus, orbit of the eye and jaw (mandible and zygoma) • vertebrae Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/25 examples of round bones and what's another name for them? - ANSWER-• patella • the 2 round bones found on the head of the metatarsal in the foot or "ball" of the foot (Calcaneus) • Round bones or sesamoid what connects the skull? - ANSWER-• fibrous interlocking joints of connective tissue called sutures, which are unique to cranial bones what are immovable joints called? give an example - ANSWER-• synarthrosis • "-arthro-" = joint • suture lines of the cranial bones what are slightly movable joints called? give 2 examples - ANSWER-• amphiarthrosis • vertebrae • symphysis pubis what are freely movable joints called? what else are they called? - ANSWER-• diarthosis • also called synovial joints what are the 6 types of freely movable joints? - ANSWER-• ball-and-socket • condyloid Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/25 • gliding • hinge • pivot • saddle what is a ball and socket joint? give 2 examples - ANSWER-• has the widest range of motion (ROM) • example: shoulder and hip what is a condyloid joint? give an example - ANSWER-• movement in 1 plane wit some lateral movement • example: temporomandibular joint (TMJ) what is a gliding joint? give an example - ANSWER-• movement is from side-to- side and twisting • example: carpals of the wrist what is a hinge joint? give two examples - ANSWER-• allows for movement in one plane, much like the hinge on a door • examples: elbow, knee what is a pivot joint? give an example - ANSWER-• only rotational movement around a central axis Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 4/25 • example: proximal end of the radius what is a saddle joint? give an example - ANSWER-• movement in a variety of planes • joint between the thumb metacarpal and trapezium of wrist what is abduction? - ANSWER-• moving a body part away from the midline of the body what is adduction? - ANSWER-• moving a body part toward the midline of the body what is circumduction - ANSWER-• moving a particular body part in a circular path without moving the entire body part • example: moving a finger in a circular motion without moving the hand what is rotation? - ANSWER-• moving a body part around a central axis what is dorsiflexion? - ANSWER-• bending the foot upward at the ankle joint what is plantarflexion? - ANSWER-• bending the foot downward at the ankle joint what is eversion? - ANSWER-• turning the foot outward or inside out at the ankle joint so the sole of the foot is shown outward what is inversion? - ANSWER-• turning the foot inward at the ankle joint so the sole of the foot is pointing inward Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 5/25 what is flexion? - ANSWER-• bending a joint what is extension? - ANSWER-• straightening a joint what is pronation? - ANSWER-• pointing a body part downward • e.g., facing the palm of the hand downward what is supination? - ANSWER-• pointing a body part upward what is arthrography / arthrogram? - ANSWER-• X-ray of a joint after injection of a contrast medium what is electromyography? - ANSWER-• a recording of the electrical activity of muscle tissue by using electrodes attached to the skin or inserted into the muscle how many pairs of ribs are connected to the vertebrae? - ANSWER-• 12 pairs what are ribs 1-7 connected to? - ANSWER-• they connect by costal cartilage anteriorly to the sternum and directly posteriorly to the ver