PHS3300 - diabetes lectures Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
What organ does hormonal control of blood glucose reside with largely? - answer✔the
endocrine pancreas
What part of the pancreas secretes digestive juices into the duodenum? - answer✔the exocrine
part which is composed of the acini
What do the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas secrete? - answer✔secretes insulin,
glucagon and other hormones directly to the blood.
What hormone do Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce? What is this hormone and
how is it stored? - answer✔proinsulin - it is a pro-hormone which means it is not in its active
form and needs to undergo a modification in order to become activated. It is stored in granules,
where it is cleaved into insulin and C-peptide that are secreted together (which is the
modification that is needed for it to be activated)
What hormone do Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete? - answer✔glucagon into the
blood
What hormone does Delta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce? And what does this
hormone do? - answer✔somatostatin - it inhibits insulin and glucagon
What do F cells of the islets of Langerhans produce? - answer✔pancreatic peptide (PP)
Rank the following islets of Langerhans in order from most prevalent in the pancreas to least
prevalent:
- Delta cells
- Beta cells
- Alpha cells
- F cells - answer✔1. Beta (60%)
2. Alpha (25%)
3. Delta (10%)
4. F (5%)
What 2 hormones are the most important in regulating fuel metabolism? - answer✔insulin and
glucagon
What is the structure of insulin? - answer✔it is a polypeptide which is produced and stored in
the body as an inactive hexamer
Describe the 5 step process of glucose-stimulated exocytosis of insulin from beta cells of the
pancreas - answer✔1. glucose binds to the glucose transporter 1 on the PM of the beta and
glucose enters the beta cell
2. the glucose molecule undergoes glucokinase and turns into glucose-6-phosphate
3. glucose-6-phosphate undergoes oxidation and turns into ATP
4. This ATP molecule closes K+ channels causing depolarization of the beta cell and opens up
Ca+ channels
5. The increased Ca+ levels causes the granule of insulin to be released via exocytosis and
releases insulin, amylin and the C- peptide
What are the 2 roles of amylin when released from the beta cells - answer✔1. inhibits/slows
gastric emptying
2. suppresses glucagon release
Define hyperglycemia - answer✔too much glucose in the blood
Define hypoglycemia - answer✔too little glucose in the blood
Compare the absorptive state and post-absorptive state of metabolism - answer✔absorptive:
- anabolic process
- building things up and putting energy sources into storage
- synthesis and storage of major molecules like proteins, carbs and fats
2|Page
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Brightstars. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
